Topic 6 (muscles) Flashcards
What are the three types of muscles?
Cardiac, smooth, skeletal muscles
What is smooth muscle and where is it found?
Smooth muscle is an involuntary muscle that has one nucleus, tapered and non-striated, and it is found in the walls of hollow organs
What is cardiac muscle?
Cardiac muscle is striated muscle, involuntary, single nucleus and branched muscle found in the heart
What are skeletal muscles
They are voluntary, striated, multinuclear, non branched muscle
What are the functions of skeletal muscles
Movement, maintain posture, temperature (making heat), storage and movement of materials, support, and stabilize
What are the segments of muscle
The bundles inside the muscle are called fascicles, each fascicle has many muscle fibers, myofibril inside the muscle fiber, a sarcomere which is a segment of the myofibril, then the smallest subunit microfilaments (actin and myosin)
What is the epimysium
IT is a dense connective tissue layer that surrounds the entire muscle
What’s the purpose of the connective tissue in bone
Protection, site for blood vessel and nerve fibre distribution, attachment of the muscle to the skeleton
What are the three types of connective tissue in the muscle
EPimysium (entire muscle), perimysium (surrounds the fascicles), endomysium (areolar tissue that is inside of the subunits of the fascicles.
What are the three types of connective tissue in the muscle
Epimysium (entire muscle), perimysium (surrounds the fascicles), endomysium (areolar tissue that is inside of the subunits of the fascicles.
What is the myofibril a subunit of
Muscle fiber
What are the myofilaments
They are the thin and thick filaments that basically row and allow the muscle to pull. The thin filament is the actin and the thick filament is the myosin
Define the structure of myosin
The myos
Define the process of the myofilaments contracting
The myofilaments strands don’t shorten but the myosin heads of thick filaments slide along actin
What is a tendon
It is a merger of connective tissue at the muscle end so muscle to bone
What does the origin mean
The origin is usually the one that doesn’t move during the movement of muscle
What is insertion
The bone that moves the most
What is the aponeurosis
It is a thin sheet of flattened connective tissue. They are attachment sites for muscles and allow for movement during contraction