Topic 8 🫀 Flashcards
Formula for aerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen ———-> energy + carbon dioxide + water
Which substances are exchanged by diffusion in the alveoli
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
What 3 factors affect the rate of exchange of substances in the lungs
Surface area
Diffusion distance
Concentration gradient
What adaptations does a capillary have to ensure quick diffusion
Walls only one cell thick so particles don’t have far to diffuse
Large surface area so there is room for particles to diffuse
Name the 4 substances in the blood
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
What are the two types of white blood cell
Lymphocytes and phagocytes
What does plasma do
Liquid which carries dissolved substances (glucose co2 and urea) around the body
What is the function of a red blood cell
Carry oxygen
What is the function of the white blood cell
Fight disease
What is the function of platelets
Helps the blood to clot
What are the three main types of blood vessels in the circulatory system
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
What do arteries do?
Carry blood AWAY from the heart
What do veins do
Carry blood BACK to the heart
What do capillaries do?
Carries blood through organs and tissues
What ADAPTATIONS do the ARTERIES have TO COPE WITH HIGH PRESSURE
Thick elastic muscular walls stretch as blood arrives from heart
The relaxation of the muscle helps to reduce variation in blood pressure and make blood flow smoothly
What adaptations do the veins have
Width allows blood to flow more easily back to the heart
Valves stop the back flow of blood when muscles contract
Why is the circulatory system called the ‘double circulatory system
Heart has 2 pumps
What does the left side of the heart do
Pumps the oxygenated blood brought back from the lungs around the body