Health, Disease & Development Of Medicines 💉 Flashcards
What are antigens
The molecules on the outer surface of all cells and viruses
What do antigens do?
They help the body to recognise wether the pathogen is foreign or not
How is an immune response triggered
The pathogens are recognised due to the antigens on their outer surface
What are Phagocytes
A type of white blood cell
What do phagocytes do
They engulf and destroy any pathogen by the process of phagocytosis
What are antibodies produced by
Lymphocytes (type of white blood cell)
What are the 3 steps in non-specific immune response (PHAGOCYTOSIS)
- The body recognises the PATHOGEN has entered the body due to its ANTIGENS
- The PHAGOCYTE engulfs the PATHOGEN
- The PATHOGEN is destroyed. This is called PHAGOCYTOSIS
Recall the 4 steps of a SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE
- The body recognises a PATHOGEN has entered the body due to its ANTIGENS
- Specific LYMPHOCYTES are activated
- The lymphocytes divide and produce ANTIBODIES
- The ANTIBODIES attach to the antigens and destroy the pathogen
What are memory lymphocytes and what do they do
If the same kind of pathogen tries to infect you again the memory lymphocytes cause a much faster secondary response.
This means you are immune to that specific pathogen
What are pathogens
Microorganisms that can spread a disease
What are the 4 main pathogens that cause diseases
Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Protists
What is the difference between a communicable and a non-communicable disease
Clue in the name… Communicable diseases are passed from infected people to other people. Non-communicable diseases are not passed on (they are caused by genes or lifestyle)
Non-communicable diseases are usually due to…
Genetic disorder
Poor diet/nutrition
Lifestyle choices (eg: alcohol or drug abuse)
Give 2 examples of genetic disorders.
Turner syndrome (a condition that affects women and their development due to a X chromosome missing)
Sickle cell anaemia (malformation of red blood cells meaning haemoglobin levels in the blood are low)
Give an example of a disease resulting from lifestyle choices.
Liver disease