Plants 🌱 Flashcards

1
Q

Word equation for photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + water ————> glucose + oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Symbol equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO_2 + 6H_2O ————> C_6H_12O_6 + 6O_2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the glucose produced in photosynthesis used for

A

To make starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens when photosynthesis stops

A

Starch is broken down into simpler substances which are moved into the cytoplasm and used to make SUCROSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is sucrose used to make

A

Starch
Other molecules for the plant (eg. Cellulose lipids or proteins)
glucose for respiration (to release energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is photosynthesis endothermic or exothermic

A

Endothermic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 4 key features in the structure of a leaf

A

Wide and flat
Lots of veins
Stomata on the underside
Thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does leaves being adapted to be THIN help the plant

A

Gases can reach cells easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does leaves being adapted to have STOMATA on the underside help the plant

A

Allows gas exchange 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does leaves being adapted to be WIDE AND FLAT help the plant

A

Large surface area and absorbs as much light as possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does leaves being adapted to have many VIENS help the plant

A

Carry water to the cells and carry glucose away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the waxy cuticle

A

The covering on plant leaves to help to plant retain water (water proof)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the epidermis

A

Provides a protective layer against injury water loss & infection
Also thin & transparent to allow light to enter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Palaside layer

A

Tightly packed layer of cells beneath the cuticle and upper epidermis
Contains the majority of chloroplasts which use chlorophyll to perform photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the spongy Mesophyll

A

They are covered by a thin layer of water.
Gases dissolve in this water as they move in and out of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the vascular bundle

A

Network of veins (xylem and phloem) which support the structure of the leaf and transport substances to and from the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the stomata and guard cells

A

Stomata are pores in the epidermis that function as gateways linking internal and external gases. Guard cells control wether the stomata are opened or closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens to guard cells in the daytime

A

Stomata are open to enable gas exchange as the guard cells have taken in water by osmosis and are TURGID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens to the guard cells at night

A

Stomata are closed to prevent water loss. This is because the guard cells have lost water by osmosis and are FLACCID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does increasing light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis

A

It increases the rate of photosynthesis until a limiting factor becomes short in supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does the amount of CO2 concentration affect the rate of photosynthesis

A

If the rate of CO2 increases the rate of photosynthesis will also increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis

A

Chemical reactions involved in photosynthesis are controlled by enzymes.
As the temperature increases collisions between enzyme and a substrate increase and therefore so does the rate of photosynthesis.
At high temperatures enzymes become DENATURED and this will decrease the rate of photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Light intensity is measured as 600 Lux at a distance of 20 cm from a lamp
Calculate the light intensity at a point 40cm away from the lamp

A

So you are doubling (x2) the distance…
Therefore the light intensity is 1/4 (1/2^2) the original
New light intensity = 600÷4 = 150 lux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the function of the xylem vessel

A

Carries water and minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the function of the phloem vessel

A

Carries dissolved sugars

26
Q

Describe the structure of a xylem vessel

A

Hollow tubes

27
Q

Describe the structure of a phloem vessel

A

Tubes have sieve plates

28
Q

Is a xylem vessel dead or alive

A

Dead

29
Q

Is a phloem vessel dead or alive

A

Alive

30
Q

How is the xylem vessel supported

A

Thickened with cellulose and lignin

31
Q

How is a phloem vessel supported

A

Companion cells provide energy for active transport

32
Q

Define translocation

A

Movement of dissolved sugars UP & DOWN the plant through PHLOEM

33
Q

Define transpiration

A

Movement of water UP the XYLEM vessel

34
Q

List the steps in transpiration

A

Water in soil ——->root hair cells ——->xylem ——->leaf veins ——->stomata
by osmosis. by osmosis. by evaporation

35
Q

What is controlled by hormones in plants

A

Growth- roots & shoots, seed germination, leaf fall, disease resistance, fruit formation & ripening, flowering time and bud formation

36
Q

What is a tropism

A

How plants respond to their environment

37
Q

What is positive phototropism

A

The plant grows towards the light
this happens at the shoot tip

38
Q

What is negative phototropism 

A

Where the plant grows away from the light
this happens at the roots

39
Q

What is plant growth called when gravity is the stimulus

A

Gravitropism or geotropism

40
Q

What is plant growth called when light is the stimulus

A

Phototropism

41
Q

What is positive gravitropism

A

Where the plant grows in the direction of gravity
this happens at the roots

42
Q

What is negative gravitropism

A

Where the plant grows opposing gravity
this happens at the shoot tips

43
Q

What are auxins

A

One of the hormones used by plants for growth and are produced in the shoot tip

44
Q

How do auxins effect the roots and shoots of the plant

A

In the shoots ANY concentration promotes growth
At the root high concentration inhibits growth, small concentration promotes growth

45
Q

What are gibberellins

A

Plant hormones which are naturally released inside the seed to start germination

46
Q

What do Gibberellins do

A

Flower growers can override photoperiodism.
They do this by spraying the plants with gibberellins

47
Q

What is photoperiodism 

A

Response of an organism to the number of daylight hours
Some plants use this to flower at a certain time eg. When pollinators are not around

48
Q

How are gibberellins useful to us

A

Can cause some plants to produce seedless fruits
They can also be sprayed on some plants to make them produce bigger fruits

49
Q

What are minerals used for in plants

A

To build the complex molecules they need from minerals

50
Q

What are minerals used for in animals

A

Need very few minerals

51
Q

How are minerals absorbed

A

The concentration of minerals in the soil is very low.
They dissolve in water and move around the soil in solution

52
Q

How are root hair cells adapted to absorb water

A

Osmosis- they have a large surface area thin walls and are close to the xylem cells for transporting water up the plant

53
Q

What is transpiration

A

The movement of water through and out of a plant

54
Q

What is the transpiration rate

A

The rate at which water escapes through the plant

55
Q

How does temperature affect transpiration rate

A

The warmer it is the faster the water evaporates from the leaves

56
Q

How does humidity affect the transpiration rate

A

The lower the humidity the faster the water evaporates

57
Q

How does wind speed affect the rate of transpiration

A

The windier it is the faster moist air is taken away from the leaf surface

58
Q

How does light intensity affect the transpiration rate

A

Transpiration is faster when the stomata are open in the light

59
Q

What adaptations do desert plants have to survive extreme conditions

A

Thick waxy cuticle - less water loss by evaporation
Small leaves - reduced surface area for water loss
Spines - reduced surface area / deters animals from eating for water
Fleshy/swollen stem - collects and stores water

60
Q

What are auxins used for commercially

A

Rooting powders and weed killing