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BIOL 241 > Topic 7 Lecture > Flashcards

Topic 7 Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Ectotherm

A

Animals that dont regulate body temp

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2
Q

Endotherms

A

use energy to maintain body temp

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3
Q

Large large require____ but less

A

higher absolute energy but less energy per gram

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4
Q

as body volume ____, SA _____ more ___

A

increase

increase

slowly

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5
Q

Scaling

A

The study of the effect of size on anatomy/physiology

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6
Q

larger animal has smaller ___relative to smaller organisms

A

SA/V ratio

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7
Q

Organisms exchange matter and generate energy across

A

membranes (SA)

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8
Q

small sa to volume is disadvantageous to for large organism so they

A

have highly branched circulatory, respiratory and digestive systems to increase SA

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9
Q

Small Sa to V is advantageous t=for larger animals as

A

more heat retention
heat is produced by the entire volume and lost through SA

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10
Q

Isometery

A

Both dimensions remain proportional

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11
Q

Allometry

A

lengths don’t change equally (baby have bigger heads)

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12
Q

Positive allometry (2)

A

Anything that scales greater then 1
as one dimension increases, the other increases to a greater proportion

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13
Q

Hypoallometry (2)

A

As one dimension increases, the other dimension increases to a lesser proportion

scaling <1

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14
Q

Energy In formula

A

Energy in=E assimilation (energy being used by body) + E excretion

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15
Q

If you eat a kilo of steak and get X amount off kilocalorie from it, the energy is

A

Ein

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16
Q

E assimilation + the formula *2 formulas

A

Energy being used, not being wasted

Eassimilated= Ein-Eexcretion

Eassimilated= Erm+Eproduction+Eactivity

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17
Q

What is Eproduction mean?

A

You are eating a lot so your body stores it as glycogen or protein

growth and producion

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18
Q

Ermr mean?

A

Resting metabolic rate

energy needed for maintenance, breathing, blood circulation, organ function. Daily routine

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19
Q

the relationship btwn size, sa:V, and energy

A

smaller the animal, larger the SA:V, ratio, more energy required to meet demand

20
Q

examples of E excretion

A

Urine, feces, shedding, heat loss

21
Q

Herbivoure digestive tract

A

plant eating animals have longer digestive tract as plant material is harder to digest

22
Q

Carnivore digestive tract

A

Carnivores have smaller digestive tract as protein is more easily digestible.

23
Q

there’s an energy cost to disgisting your food such as

A

chewing, enzymes (net loss)

24
Q

SDA Specific dynamic action

A

extra heat produced or energy spent for digestion/ absorption

25
Q

Energy Excretion 4 steps

A
  1. Food needs to be broken down (chewing/ezzymes) which takes energy
  2. Nutrients are then absorbed which leads to net gain of energy
  3. When most energy is absorbed, digestion rate decreases
  4. All possible energy is extracted, leaving indigestible “dregs” for excretion (Lose some energy)
26
Q

Why do you need long digestive tract?

A

Increase SA and absorb more

27
Q

better quality vs low quality

A

better quality food requires less energy tp break up the food and derive more energy at a faster rate compared to low quality food

28
Q

Metabolic rate

A

a measure of activity/ amount of energy expended

29
Q

Rate of energy consumption

A

rate at which it converts chemical energy to heat and external work

30
Q

3 importance of metabolic rate

A
  1. Helps determine how much food an animal needs
  2. quantitative measurement of total activity of all physiological mechanisms (tells you overall)
  3. Ecologically helps to determine the pressure on energy supplies in the ecosystems, Ecosystem has number of animals, you measure the metabolic rate of each of these animals and have an idea what total demand is. Gives ideas of how long it can be sustained.
31
Q

RMR+ includes what

A

Energy expenditure at rest but routine day to day. include digestion, taking a walk, sweating etc

32
Q

Basal Metabolic Rate (5)

A

For endotherms

Amount of calorie you burn from staying active (necessary function)

Metabolism at complete rest-lowest possible

more muscle=higher

absolute lowest measure in thermoneutral zone so NO THERMOREGULATION

33
Q

Standard Metabolic Rate (SMR) (3)

A

Ectotherms

SMR will vary with temp so any SMR measurement is specific to the temp at which its taken

ALWAYS SPECIFY TEMPERATURE

Metabolic rate measure at a specific temp

ectotherms can be in diff environments which dictate metabolic rate

34
Q

SMR and BMR (4)

A

measure of metabolic rate in animals that are calm at rest and not actively digesting food. needed to sustain life

35
Q

Field Metabolic rate

A

Metabolic rate measure in wild animals, free living animals

36
Q

Homeotherms

A

maintains constant body temp independent of ambient temp

37
Q

Poikilotherms

A

Cannot regulate its body temp except by hiding

38
Q

BMR of a homeotherm (3)

A

The animal’s metabolic rate while it is in its thermoneutral zone, fasting, resting

39
Q

SMR of a poikilotherm

A

metabolic rate while it is fasting, resting

specific for prevailing body temp

40
Q

Direct Calorimetry

A

Measures the rate at which heat leaves an animal’s body: provides measure off energy expended in the form of heat.

expensive + cumbersome

41
Q

Indirect calorimetry- 2 ways

A
  1. measure the rate of respiratory gas exchange with its environment (respirometry)
  2. Measure the chemical energy content of the organic matter that enters and leaves an animal’s body (Material balance method)
42
Q

Weight specific MR and body weight relationship

A

Weight specific MR decreases with increasing body weight

43
Q

mass specific to absolute

A

+1

44
Q

Absolute to Mass specific

A

-1

45
Q

Eactivity includes

A

most forms of movement above the resting state

46
Q

E production

A

Both growth and reproduction

if more than enough energy is consumed, the value is + and mass will increase

If not enough energy is consumed, the value is - and mass will decrease

BIOL 241 (18 decks)

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