1.5 The Tree of life

Question 1

phylogeny

Answer 1

The history of evolution of an organism.

Question 2

Classifying life 50 years ago

Answer 2

All life could be divided into two clear camps (Eukaryotes and prokaryotes)

Eukaryotes are animals, plant, fungi which each defined their own kingdom but were united into a single large group by having cells that contained membrane bound organelles, most importantly the nucleus

Prokaryotes only meant bacteria. Single celled structurally and metabolically simple, bacteria were largely hidden from our everyday world due to size.

Question 3

Morphology

Answer 3

Organisms that have similar structures and features

Question 4

If there aren’t many difference in DNA sequences between two species

Answer 4

Then they are probably closely related and diverged from each other quite recently

Question 5

2 Major criteria for determining the DNA sequence to pick for tree of life

Answer 5

1. The specific gene you pick need to be present in all organisms
   (does not make sense to use eye gene if 99% of the species don’t have eyes)
2. The gene needs to be relatively long (at least a thousand bases). The longer the DNA sequences, the more information it contains to make comparisons among species.

Question 5

2 Major criteria for determining the DNA sequence to pick for tree of life

Answer 5

1. The specific gene you pick need to be present in all organisms
   (does not make sense to use eye gene if 99% of the species don’t have eyes)
2. The gene needs to be relatively long (at least a thousand bases). The longer the DNA sequences, the more information it contains to make comparisons among species. (limit species having it “by chance”

Question 6

Carl Woese

Answer 6

A microbiologist who was first to use a DNA sequence to build a phylogenetic tree

Question 7

Phylogeny=

Answer 7

evolutionary

Question 8

Woese and his colleagues published____ that had _____

Answer 8

The first tree of life based on rRNA sequence

3 super kings aka domains

Question 9

The bacteria domain

Answer 9

Include many well-known microbes

Question 10

Archaea domain

Answer 10

includes microorganisms that are far less common and are often found in harsh environments such as hot springs and salt marshes

Question 11

Eukarya domain

Answer 11

Includes familiar animals, plants and fungi and protists.

Question 12

Three domain tree of life

Answer 12

rRNA sequence comparisons suggest that Bacteria, Archea and Eukarya are three domains of living organisms and that Eukarya are more closely related to Archaea than Bacteria

Question 13

The two domain tree of life

Answer 13

Suggest that Eukaryotes evolved from within Archaea