topic 5 lecture notes Flashcards
generally aerobic respiration is a ___ reaction where
combustion
glucose is burned in oxygen to produce CO2, H2O with the release of heat
molecules that contain more more oxygen contain less_____ because oxygen is strongly_____
free energy
electronegative
specifically aerobic respiration is a series of reactions that release the _____ of _____ and transfer some of the released ____ to other molecules (4)
free energy
gluscose
ATP, NADH H2O CO2
oxidation
electron donor is…
loses electrons
electron donor is oxidized
the reaction between glucose and oxygen to produce co2 and water is an
oxidation-reduction reaction
redox reactions are
coupled the oxidation reaction and reduction reaction occur simultaneously
when a molecule loses a hydrogen atom, it becomes
oxidized
a good way to think cellular respiration is _____ _____ where the potential energy of glucose is not liberated suddenly, producing only ___ and ___ but slowly released with much of its energy being transferred to other molecules.
controlled combustion
light and heat
cellular respiration can be divided into three phases (3)
- glycolysis: enzyme breaks down a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate some ATP and NADH are synthesized
- Pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle (acetyl coAwhich is formed from pyruvate oxidation enters a metabolic cycle where it is completely oxidized to co2. Some ATP and NADH synthesized
- Oxidative phosphorylation (ETC)
glycolysis
consist of 10 sequential enzyme catalyzed reaction that lead to the oxidation if the 6 carbon sugar glucose producing two molecules of the 3 carbon compound pyruvate the potential energy released in the oxidation powers the synthesis of both NADH and ATP.
in glycolysis initially,
two molecules of ATP are consumed as glucose and fructose 6-phos[hate becomes phosphorylated.
the potential energy in 2 molecules of pyruvate is less than that of
one molecule of glucose- no reaction is 100% efficient!
in glycolysis the products are: (3)
2 ATP
2NADH+2H+
2Pryruvate+2H2O
How is ATP generated (2)
substrate level ohosphoralation
- transfer of phosphate group from a higher energy substrate to ADP
glycolysis happens in
the cytosol
Phase 2 of glycolysis=____rxn
couple run
pyruvate is___into ____ in fermentation as____
reduced into lactic acid
NADH goes to NAD+
how does pyruvate pass into michtondria after glycolysis? (+concentration gradient)
facilitated diffusion thru first membrane (protein channels) down concentration gradient
proton gradient in second membrane
Down concentration for proton but up for pyruvate
Once pyruvate is in the ____ pyruvate loses_____(2)…..
matrix
a co2 (decarboxylation)
oxidized by reducing NAD+ to NADH into acetyl CoA
oxidation of 1 pyruvate products (3)
- acetyl co A
- NADH
CO2 release
citric acid Krebs cycle (3)
- 8 connected some coupled reactions
- 8 enzymes
carbons once part of glucose get oxidized
citric acid Krebs cycle products per 1 pyruvate (4)
- 3 NADH
-1 FADH2 (I redox run creates this) - 1 ATP
- 2 co2 as citrate has 6carbons and oxaloacetate has 4)
most usable energy stored in
electron carrier (NADH/FADH2more)
ETC
- ## 4 protein complexes
the protein complexes are in
the matrix and Intermembrance space
every time electron pass down the chain it
lose free energy
at the end of ETC what happens?
oxygen accepts the electrons whose energy have been stripped off already and also gains some protons to form water. Water is a waste of respiration
explain what etc does and why ATP is made
as e moves down it lose free energy which cause h+ to go into the internmenbrane space of mitochondria. They can only go down by ATP synthase so when they flow down the synthase use that energy to phosphorolayte ADP to ATP
