topic 5 lecture notes

Question 1

generally aerobic respiration is a ___ reaction where

Answer 1

combustion

glucose is burned in oxygen to produce CO2, H2O with the release of heat

Question 2

molecules that contain more more oxygen contain less_____ because oxygen is strongly_____

Answer 2

free energy

electronegative

Question 3

specifically aerobic respiration is a series of reactions that release the _____ of _____ and transfer some of the released ____ to other molecules (4)

Answer 3

free energy

gluscose

ATP, NADH H2O CO2

Question 4

oxidation

electron donor is…

Answer 4

loses electrons

electron donor is oxidized

Question 5

the reaction between glucose and oxygen to produce co2 and water is an

Answer 5

oxidation-reduction reaction

Question 6

redox reactions are

Answer 6

coupled the oxidation reaction and reduction reaction occur simultaneously

Question 7

when a molecule loses a hydrogen atom, it becomes

Answer 7

oxidized

Question 8

a good way to think cellular respiration is _____ _____ where the potential energy of glucose is not liberated suddenly, producing only ___ and ___ but slowly released with much of its energy being transferred to other molecules.

Answer 8

controlled combustion

light and heat

Question 9

cellular respiration can be divided into three phases (3)

Answer 9

1. glycolysis: enzyme breaks down a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate some ATP and NADH are synthesized
2. Pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle (acetyl coAwhich is formed from pyruvate oxidation enters a metabolic cycle where it is completely oxidized to co2. Some ATP and NADH synthesized
3. Oxidative phosphorylation (ETC)

Question 10

glycolysis

Answer 10

consist of 10 sequential enzyme catalyzed reaction that lead to the oxidation if the 6 carbon sugar glucose producing two molecules of the 3 carbon compound pyruvate the potential energy released in the oxidation powers the synthesis of both NADH and ATP.

Question 11

in glycolysis initially,

Answer 11

two molecules of ATP are consumed as glucose and fructose 6-phos[hate becomes phosphorylated.

Question 12

the potential energy in 2 molecules of pyruvate is less than that of

Answer 12

one molecule of glucose- no reaction is 100% efficient!

Question 13

in glycolysis the products are: (3)

Answer 13

2 ATP

2NADH+2H+

2Pryruvate+2H2O

Question 14

How is ATP generated (2)

Answer 14

substrate level ohosphoralation

• transfer of phosphate group from a higher energy substrate to ADP

Question 15

glycolysis happens in

Answer 15

the cytosol

Question 16

Phase 2 of glycolysis=____rxn

Answer 16

couple run

Question 17

pyruvate is___into ____ in fermentation as____

Answer 17

reduced into lactic acid

NADH goes to NAD+

Question 18

how does pyruvate pass into michtondria after glycolysis? (+concentration gradient)

Answer 18

facilitated diffusion thru first membrane (protein channels) down concentration gradient

proton gradient in second membrane
Down concentration for proton but up for pyruvate

Question 19

Once pyruvate is in the ____ pyruvate loses_____(2)…..

Answer 19

matrix

a co2 (decarboxylation)

oxidized by reducing NAD+ to NADH into acetyl CoA

Question 20

oxidation of 1 pyruvate products (3)

Answer 20

• acetyl co A
• NADH
  CO2 release

Question 21

citric acid Krebs cycle (3)

Answer 21

• 8 connected some coupled reactions
• 8 enzymes
  carbons once part of glucose get oxidized

Question 22

citric acid Krebs cycle products per 1 pyruvate (4)

Answer 22

• 3 NADH
  -1 FADH2 (I redox run creates this)
• 1 ATP
• 2 co2 as citrate has 6carbons and oxaloacetate has 4)

Question 23

most usable energy stored in

Answer 23

electron carrier (NADH/FADH2more)

Question 24

ETC

Answer 24

• ## 4 protein complexes

Question 25

the protein complexes are in

Answer 25

the matrix and Intermembrance space

Question 26

every time electron pass down the chain it

Answer 26

lose free energy

Question 27

at the end of ETC what happens?

Answer 27

oxygen accepts the electrons whose energy have been stripped off already and also gains some protons to form water. Water is a waste of respiration

Question 28

explain what etc does and why ATP is made

Answer 28

as e moves down it lose free energy which cause h+ to go into the internmenbrane space of mitochondria. They can only go down by ATP synthase so when they flow down the synthase use that energy to phosphorolayte ADP to ATP