topic 7 Flashcards
what are energy demands?
maintenance, growth, activity, reproduction
what factors do energy budgets depend on?
the size, activity, environment
what is an ectotherm?
an organism that doesn’t regulate their own body temperature
they take the same energy as their surroundings
what is an endotherm?
An organism that has a constant body temperature
what is influenced by size/mass on energy expenditure?
the way they move, how often, the things they eat
what is scaling?
The study of the effect of size on anatomy/physiology
why do large organisms have smaller SA/V?
Large organisms have to
maintain huge internal
surface area to exchange
matter/energy with the
environment
why do Organisms need to obtain resources and excrete waste?
to support their mass
where do organisms exchange energy and matter?
across their membranes
why are Small surface area to volume ratios a disadvantage for large organisms?
Nutrient exchange and energy generation
Large organisms have highly branched circulatory, respiratory and digestive systems to increase surface area
why are Small surface area to volume ratios an advantage for large organisms?
Heat retention
Heat is produced by the entire volume and lost through surface area
what is allometry?
a scale where aspects do not vary proportionally to size
what are log transformations?
Log transformation is used for data normalization
Log transformation can be used to make power function linear.
what is positive allometry or hyperallometry?
As one dimension increases, the other
dimension increases to a greater proportion
Y = aX 1.5 OR log Y = 1.5(log X) + log a
what is negative allometry or hypoallometry?
As one dimension increases, the other
dimension increases to a lesser proportion
Y = aX 0.7 OR log Y = 0.7(log X) + log a
what is a daily energy budget?
energy in= energy out
what is the total energy available to the organism?
Energy ASSIMILATION = Energy IN – Energy Excretion
why do large organisms need more food than small organisms?
Large organisms have a greater Ein value per unit time
why can large organisms eat more than small ones?
Large organisms eat less often than small organisms relative to the body size
why can Large organisms take in more air with each breath and pump a greater volume of blood with each heartbeat?
Large organisms have a lower breathing and heart rate than small organisms
what are examples of energy excretion?
urine, feces, shedding, heat etc
what is a measure of evolutionary fitness?
The total amount and rate at which they obtain energy from food
what is retention time?
How long food remains in the digestive tract
how is energy measured?
calories or jules
