Topic 1 Flashcards
characteristics of the domain bacteria?
prokaryotic
single celled
small
cell walls made of peptidoglycan
what is peptidoglycan composed of?
sugar and peptides
what does prokaryotic mean?
no nucleus
characteristics of domain archaea?
small
prokaryotic
cell walls made of pseudopeptidoglycan
similar ribosomes to eukaryotic
live in extreme environments
what is the difference between pseudopeptidoglycan and peptidoglycan?
they have different bonds
characteristics of domain eukaryote?
large
has a nucleus
some have a cell wall
can be single celled or multi celled
what type of cell wall do eukaryotes have?
cellulose, pectin (plants)
chitin (fungi)
what are similarities of eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
both have:
DNA
ribosomes
plasma membranes
cytosol
what happens when a cell doubles in size?
the surface area increases 4x and the volume increases 8x
how can eukaryotes be so big?
they have an endomembrane system and membrane bound organelles to increase surface area
what is horizontal gene transfer?
a gene from one species becomes a part of a genome of another species
what is the endosymbiotic theory
some eukaryotic organelles used to be independent prokaryotic cells
what is evidence for endosymbiosis?
mitochondria and chloroplasts:
-are the same size as prokaryotes
-circular stranded DNA
- divide by binary fission
-ribosomes similar to bacteria
source of energy?
photo
chemo
what does photo refer to?
light eater
what does chemo refer to?
chemical eater
sources of carbon?
autotroph
heterotroph
what does autotroph refer to?
self eater (co2), organic
what does heterotroph refer to?
other eater, inorganic
what does Organo mean?
organic chemical energy
what does litho mean?
inorganic chemical energy
what is the 5 kingdom hierarchy based on?
shared atomical characteristics
what is the order of the divisions of the 5 kingdom hierarchy?
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
what are the 5 kingdoms?
Monera
Protista
fungi
plantae
animalia
