Topic 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

characteristics of the domain bacteria?

A

prokaryotic
single celled
small
cell walls made of peptidoglycan

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2
Q

what is peptidoglycan composed of?

A

sugar and peptides

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3
Q

what does prokaryotic mean?

A

no nucleus

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4
Q

characteristics of domain archaea?

A

small
prokaryotic
cell walls made of pseudopeptidoglycan
similar ribosomes to eukaryotic
live in extreme environments

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5
Q

what is the difference between pseudopeptidoglycan and peptidoglycan?

A

they have different bonds

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6
Q

characteristics of domain eukaryote?

A

large
has a nucleus
some have a cell wall
can be single celled or multi celled

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7
Q

what type of cell wall do eukaryotes have?

A

cellulose, pectin (plants)
chitin (fungi)

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8
Q

what are similarities of eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

A

both have:
DNA
ribosomes
plasma membranes
cytosol

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9
Q

what happens when a cell doubles in size?

A

the surface area increases 4x and the volume increases 8x

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10
Q

how can eukaryotes be so big?

A

they have an endomembrane system and membrane bound organelles to increase surface area

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11
Q

what is horizontal gene transfer?

A

a gene from one species becomes a part of a genome of another species

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12
Q

what is the endosymbiotic theory

A

some eukaryotic organelles used to be independent prokaryotic cells

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13
Q

what is evidence for endosymbiosis?

A

mitochondria and chloroplasts:
-are the same size as prokaryotes
-circular stranded DNA
- divide by binary fission
-ribosomes similar to bacteria

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14
Q

source of energy?

A

photo
chemo

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15
Q

what does photo refer to?

A

light eater

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16
Q

what does chemo refer to?

A

chemical eater

17
Q

sources of carbon?

A

autotroph
heterotroph

18
Q

what does autotroph refer to?

A

self eater (co2), organic

19
Q

what does heterotroph refer to?

A

other eater, inorganic

20
Q

what does Organo mean?

A

organic chemical energy

21
Q

what does litho mean?

A

inorganic chemical energy

22
Q

what is the 5 kingdom hierarchy based on?

A

shared atomical characteristics

23
Q

what is the order of the divisions of the 5 kingdom hierarchy?

A

kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

24
Q

what are the 5 kingdoms?

A

Monera
Protista
fungi
plantae
animalia

25
Q

how were organisms classified in the 5 kingdom hierarchy?

A

by similarities and differences in observable morphology

26
Q

characteristics of monera

A

unicellular
no nucleus

27
Q

characteristics of protista

A

uni or multicellular
has a nucleus

28
Q

characteristics of fungi

A

uni or multicellular
different from plants in nutrition and cell wall

29
Q

characteristics of plantae

A

multicellular
nucleus
non mobile
photosynthesis

30
Q

characteristics of animalia

A

multicellular
nucleus
mobile
heterotrophic

31
Q

mutations?

A

occur overtime
result in evolution and speciation

32
Q

what is the 3 domain classification system?

A

bacteria
archaea
eukarya