Topic 6: VIOLENCE, DISORDER AND THE NIGHT-TIME ECONOMY (NTE) Flashcards
What is the night-time economy (NTE)?
NTE refers to the consumption of alcohol in pubs, bars and other evening/ night-time entertainment venues
What percentage of recorded violent incidents in England an Wales (2019/2020) involved a victim who believed their attacker was under the influence of alcohol?
42%
What is the estimated annual cost of alcohol-related violent crime?
Nearly £1 billion
What is the estimated annual cost of alcohol-related health problems?
£1.9 billion
What is the estimated cost of excess alcohol to the NHS in Wales in 2008-09?
Between £69.9 million and £73.3 million
What are some of the problems/harms associated with alcohol and drug consumption in the NTE?
- Increased crime and fear of crime
- Increased demand on emergency healthcare services
- Increased costs of street cleansing
- Noise and light pollution
- Anti-social behaviour
- Dependence on mental health services
What contributed to the rapid expansion of the NTE in the early 1990s?
- Mass de-industrialization
- Mass unemployment
- Economic recession
- A reluctance from the government to invest in cities, leading to towns allowing the rapid expansion of the NTE
What is “civic boosterism”?
The act of marketing and promoting a city or town by attracting alcohol-related entertainment businesses, often without considering the implications and impact
What was the increase in licensed premises in Cardiff between 1999 and 2003?
The capacity of licensed venues increased from 38,000 in 1999 to 68,000 in 2003
What was the increase in licensed premises in Manchester between 1998 and 2001?
There was a 240% increase in licensed premises between 1998 and 2001
What was the government’s approach to addressing problems in the NTE in 2007, according to the “Safe, sensible and social” document?
The focus was on “the minority of drinkers who cause the most harm,” such as binge drinkers and underage drinkers, and promoting responsible drinking
What is the critique of the “Safe, sensible and social” approach?
It fails to recognize the complexities around social drinking contexts and drinker motivations, and removes responsibility from the government, media, and alcohol manufacturers
What are the four main factors identified by Edwards (2010) to explain the problems in the NTE? (PPVM)
People, Place, Venue and Market
What is the “enacted environment” concept proposed by Hobbs et al.?
The idea that the NTE is what people in it think it is, and their actions create the environment
What is the “prevailing hypocrisy” mentioned by Hobbs et al.?
The hypocrisy of politicians and regulators embracing the market ideology and the rapid expansion of the NTE, while ignoring the associated heavy episodic alcohol consumption
What is the role of bouncers in the NTE, according to Hobbs et al.?
Bouncers, as “professionals of violence,” carry out the “dirty work” in the “anarchic and predatory marketplace” created by irresponsible politicians and regulators
What is the “critical realist” approach to understanding the problems of the NTE?
The critical realist approach is concerned with identifying the underlying structures and causal mechanisms that generate the problems, rather than relying solely on empirical data or respondents’ explanations
What were the key findings of Swann’s (2021) study on women’s aggression in the NTE?
Women’s understandings of violence, disorder, and anti-social behavior varied considerably and were linked to their membership in different Weberian status groups and the associated values and norms
What is the “problem-oriented approach” to policing the NTE?
A problem-oriented approach involves targeted interventions and initiatives to address specific issues, such as Project Vigilant, which aimed to tackle incidents of sexual violence in the NTE
What is “plural policing” in the context of the NTE?
Plural policing refers to the involvement of various actors, such as police officers, student volunteers, bouncers, street pastors, and taxi ambassadors, in policing the NTE
What are some environmental design and urban planning strategies used to manage the NTE?
- Pedestrianization
- Placement of taxi ranks
- Availability of public transport
- Street furniture
- Different “zones” to separate different types of drinkers
What is the “mixed evening economy” approach?
The mixed evening economy approach aims to shift away from an alcohol-dependent late-night economy toward a more diverse, inclusive, and family-friendly evening economy with a broader range of cultural and entertainment venues that are not solely reliant on alcohol sales
What is “civic boosterism” in the context of the NTE?
Civic boosterism refers to the act of marketing and promoting a city or town by attracting alcohol-related entertainment businesses, often without considering the implications and impact
Who are the key theorists mentioned in relation to understanding the causes of violence and disorder in the NTE?
- Hobbs et al.
- Moore et al.
- Swann
- Edwards
What is the “hypocrisy” mentioned by Hobbs et al. in relation to the NTE?
The “prevailing hypocrisy” refers to the hypocrisy of politicians and regulators embracing the market ideology and the rapid expansion of the NTE, while ignoring the associated heavy episodic alcohol consumption
What is the role of bouncers in the NTE, according to Hobbs et al.?
Bouncers, as “professionals of violence,” carry out the “dirty work” in the “anarchic and predatory marketplace” created by irresponsible politicians and regulators
What is the “critical realist” approach to understanding the problems of the NTE?
The critical realist approach is concerned with identifying the underlying structures and causal mechanisms that generate the problems, rather than relying solely on empirical data or respondents’ explanations
What were the key findings of Moore et al.’s (2012) study on reducing alcohol-related harm in the NTE?
The study recommended external management of customers, appropriate and vigilant security staff and serving staff, and addressing environmental factors such as music, temperature, crowding, and air quality
What is the significance of “quarterisation” in managing the NTE?
Quarterisation refers to dividing the NTE into different zones or quarters, effectively separating different types of drinkers and venues
What is the role of street pastors in policing the NTE?
Street pastors are often volunteers who assist in managing and supporting individuals in the NTE
What is the purpose of “night marshalls” in the NTE?
Night marshalls are volunteers who remove glass from streets and provide other safety measures, such as distributing flip-flops to protect people’s feet
What is the importance of environmental design and urban planning in managing the NTE?
Environmental design and urban planning strategies, such as pedestrianization, placement of taxi ranks, public transport availability, and street furniture, can help reduce problems and improve safety in the NTE
What is the significance of the “mixed evening economy” approach?
The mixed evening economy approach aims to shift away from an alcohol-dependent late-night economy toward a more diverse, inclusive, and family-friendly evening economy, potentially reducing alcohol-related public health issues
What is the role of “taxi ambassadors” in the NTE?
Taxi ambassadors are individuals who assist in managing and coordinating taxi services in the NTE
What is the critique of the “Safe, sensible and social” approach to addressing problems in the NTE?
The critique is that it fails to recognize the complexities around social drinking contexts and drinker motivations, and removes responsibility from the government, media, and alcohol manufacturers
