Practice MCQ Flashcards
According to the Chicago School, which of the following residential zones of the city have the strongest correlation with ‘juvenile delinquency’?
a. The zone of working men’s homes
b. The residential zone
c. The zone in transition
d. The commuter zone
c. The zone in transition
What is the ecological fallacy?
a. The belief that urban environments are more disorderly
b. The belief that individual behaviour can be inferred from aggregate patterns of behaviour
c. The belief that individuals are sole authors of their behaviour
d. All of the above
b. The belief that individual behaviour can be inferred from aggregate patterns of behaviour
For Fraser and Hobbs (2017), urban criminal collaborations reflect:
a. Official concern over the threat to social order posed by groups of working-class males
b. All types of collective offending behaviour, including fraud and while-collar crime
c. Growing concern over the corruption of public officials
d. All of the above
a. Official concern over the threat to social order posed by groups of working-class males
Hallsworth and Young (2008) prefers a focus on ‘violent street worlds’ to ‘gang talk’ because:
a. Universal, generalisable concepts of gangs are inventions of criminologists and public officials not real things
b. The real issue is collaborative offending, especially that which is violent
c. Collaborations occur in the conditions of street life in particular cities which are not generalisable to other cities in other historical periods
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the below was suggested by the Kerner Commission (1968) with regard to the US ‘Ghetto’ riots of the late 1960s?
a. The riots reflected basic criminality and disorderliness amongst people in inner city areas
b. Reporting of the riots was exaggerated and there was little serious impact on the communities and areas involved
c. Organised criminal gangs played a leading part in arranging and directing the disorder
d. That poverty and widespread racism were key factors in explaining the riots
d. That poverty and widespread racism were key factors in explaining the riots
Which of the following were NOT suggested by Government ministers as a key explanation of the 2011 English riots?
a. The activities of urban street gangs
b. A strong desire for consumer goods
c. Increased levels of poverty and inequality
d. Extensive use of social media by criminal youth
c. Increased levels of poverty and inequality
According to Wilkinson (2006), there are 4 key characteristics of terrorism. Which of the following is NOT one of these characteristics?
a. It is always premeditated
b. It does not retain an element of symbolism
c. It is (usually) considered to be extra-normal
d. It is used to influence political behaviour
b. It does not retain an element of symbolism
The government’s CONTEST strategy is organised around 4 work streams. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
a. PURSUE
b. PREVENT
c. PEOPLE
d. PROTECT
c. PEOPLE
Which of the following theories concerns the impact of place on offenders’ selection of targets?
a. Criminal Careers Theory
b. Differential Association Theory
c. Collective Efficacy Theory
d. Crime Pattern Theory
d. Crime Pattern Theory
Which of the following statements is NOT a feature of Shaw and McKay’s (1942) ‘socially disorganised’ neighbourhoods?
a. A high rate of resident turnover
b. A concentration of inherently crime-prone individuals
c. A lack of stable civic and community institutions
d. An ethnically heterogeneous population
b. A concentration of inherently crime-prone individuals
‘Safe, sensible, social’ focussed on “the minority of drinkers who cause the most harm”. Which of these was NOT identified as a problematic group?
a. 18-24 year old binge drinkers
b. Young people under 18 who drink alcohol
c. 25-40 year old people who drink 5 pints or more, or the equivalent, every week
d. Harmful, adult drinkers who don’t necessarily realise their physical and mental health
c. 25-40 year old people who drink 5 pints or more, or the equivalent, every week
According to Winlow and Hall’s ‘Violent Night’ (2006), the root causes of interpersonal violence in the NTE lies in:
a. The congregation of groups of bored and restless young people with nothing better to do
b. A tangled web of social, economic and environmental factors
c. Insufficient policing of large groups of young men with nothing better to do
d. A tangled web of political, financial and pharmacological factors
b. A tangled web of social, economic and environmental factors
Which of the following activities related to prostitution is NOT illegal?
a. Kerb crawling
b. Pimping
c. Exchange of sexual services for money
d. Owning or managing a brothel
c. Exchange of sexual services for money
Which of the following links prostitution to the sexualisation of women which places men in a position of superiority and impedes class struggles?
a. Right realists
b. Liberal feminists
c. Critical realists
d. Marxist feminists
d. Marxist feminists
As estimated by Khanna (2016), what proportion of the UK Gross Domestic Product is accounted for by Greater London?
a. One quarter
b. One half
c. Three quarters
d. None of the above
b. One half
