KEY READINGS Flashcards
What are the main reasons for persistently high fear of crime among urban populations, despite declining record crime levels?
- Increasing terrorism and ethno-religious conflicts
- Large-scale migrations across national boundaries
- A broader sense of insecurity centred on encounters with difference
The concept of “propinquity” refers to:
- The mechanism for enhancing civility and tolerance in cities
- Techniques of urban governance to manage diversity
Cities have been historically viewed as having a “Janus-faced quality because:
They can foster refinement and order, but also chaos and disorder
Which of these is NOT considered an “incivility” that threatens public sociability?
Robbery
The concept of the “substantive” dimension of civility refers to:
A sense of community membership with rights and responsibilities
Which classical thinker described the “brutal indifference” that can arise in cities?
Alexis de Tocqueville
The rise of “poor doors” as separate entrances for different income groups in housing is seen as evidence of:
Continuing class segregation from the industrial city era
During the 19th century, the “dangerous classes” were viewed as:
A racial and cultural threat to law, order and progress
The Chicago School’s urban model depicted:
- The city centre ringed by increasingly affluent zones
- Working class areas seen as disorgansied and criminal
Which of these was NOT cited as a factor contributing to doubts about urban progress from the 1960s-70s?
The increasing racial diversity of inner cities
The concept of the urban “underclass” that emerged in the 1980-90s played on fears about:
- Lack of economic opportunities for youth
- Race and gender, similar to past “dangerous classes”
In the new urban order, what trend is seen in terms of security and crime control?
Increased surveillance targeting marginal groups
Which of these is NOT a condition needed to engender meaningful interaction and mutual respect between groups?
Complete cultural assimilation of minority groups
New communication technologies like social media are seen as having potential to?
- Facilitate more cross-group interactions
- Increase intra-group engagement
The concept of the “civil city” emphasises forms of urban encounter underpinned by:
Greater equality and inclusive citizenship
Public perceptions of crime and antisocial behaviour are shaped by factors like:
- What people are accustomed to and familiar with
- Reliance on stereotypes and metaphors about groups
- Assessments of potential threat or risk
Which of these is NOT identified as a factor driving “urban insecurity” and desire for exclusion/segregation?
Rising levels of urban crime and violence
In the UK, antisocial behaviour policies have been characterised by:
- The government positioning itself as a neutral mediator
- Prioritising the interests of dominant groups
The “phronesis” concept refers to:
Public fears about diversity reflected in government discourse
A key challenge identified is overcoming the apparent:
Cycle where public and elite fears intensify each other