KEY READINGS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main reasons for persistently high fear of crime among urban populations, despite declining record crime levels?

A
  • Increasing terrorism and ethno-religious conflicts
  • Large-scale migrations across national boundaries
  • A broader sense of insecurity centred on encounters with difference
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2
Q

The concept of “propinquity” refers to:

A
  • The mechanism for enhancing civility and tolerance in cities
  • Techniques of urban governance to manage diversity
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3
Q

Cities have been historically viewed as having a “Janus-faced quality because:

A

They can foster refinement and order, but also chaos and disorder

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4
Q

Which of these is NOT considered an “incivility” that threatens public sociability?

A

Robbery

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5
Q

The concept of the “substantive” dimension of civility refers to:

A

A sense of community membership with rights and responsibilities

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6
Q

Which classical thinker described the “brutal indifference” that can arise in cities?

A

Alexis de Tocqueville

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7
Q

The rise of “poor doors” as separate entrances for different income groups in housing is seen as evidence of:

A

Continuing class segregation from the industrial city era

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8
Q

During the 19th century, the “dangerous classes” were viewed as:

A

A racial and cultural threat to law, order and progress

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9
Q

The Chicago School’s urban model depicted:

A
  • The city centre ringed by increasingly affluent zones
  • Working class areas seen as disorgansied and criminal
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10
Q

Which of these was NOT cited as a factor contributing to doubts about urban progress from the 1960s-70s?

A

The increasing racial diversity of inner cities

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11
Q

The concept of the urban “underclass” that emerged in the 1980-90s played on fears about:

A
  • Lack of economic opportunities for youth
  • Race and gender, similar to past “dangerous classes”
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12
Q

In the new urban order, what trend is seen in terms of security and crime control?

A

Increased surveillance targeting marginal groups

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13
Q

Which of these is NOT a condition needed to engender meaningful interaction and mutual respect between groups?

A

Complete cultural assimilation of minority groups

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14
Q

New communication technologies like social media are seen as having potential to?

A
  • Facilitate more cross-group interactions
  • Increase intra-group engagement
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15
Q

The concept of the “civil city” emphasises forms of urban encounter underpinned by:

A

Greater equality and inclusive citizenship

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16
Q

Public perceptions of crime and antisocial behaviour are shaped by factors like:

A
  • What people are accustomed to and familiar with
  • Reliance on stereotypes and metaphors about groups
  • Assessments of potential threat or risk
17
Q

Which of these is NOT identified as a factor driving “urban insecurity” and desire for exclusion/segregation?

A

Rising levels of urban crime and violence

18
Q

In the UK, antisocial behaviour policies have been characterised by:

A
  • The government positioning itself as a neutral mediator
  • Prioritising the interests of dominant groups
19
Q

The “phronesis” concept refers to:

A

Public fears about diversity reflected in government discourse

20
Q

A key challenge identified is overcoming the apparent:

A

Cycle where public and elite fears intensify each other