Topic 5: CRIME, PLACE AND SPACE IN THE CITY Flashcards
What term refers to the study of spatial and temporal patterns of crime?
Ecological criminology
Shaw and McKay found that young offenders were concentrated in which areas?
Zone in transition
What theory links social ties in neighborhoods to crime rates?
Collective efficacy
Routine activities theory states crime happens when what three elements converge?
Motivated offender, suitable target, lack of guardian
What criminology approach studies spatial analysis of police data?
GIS mapping
What theory links disorder and erosion of community controls?
Broken windows
Bottoms suggested replacing “environmental criminology” with what term?
Socio-spatial criminology
What theory argues offenders prefer to commit crimes in familiar areas?
Crime pattern theory
Which criminologist studied links between disorder and serious crime?
Wesley Skogan
What theory suggests public perceptions shape concepts of social space?
Signal crimes
What approach studies crime from offender and victim perspectives?
Ethnographic immersion
What policy aims to improve education and jobs in deprived areas?
Priority estates
What approach uses environmental design to prevent crime?
Crime prevention through environmental design
Which criminologist studied links between disorder and fear of crime?
Martin Innes
What theory suggests people’s routine activities shape crime rates?
Routine activities theory
What characteristics did Shaw and McKay associate with high crime areas?
Ethnic diversity, poverty, instability
What approach directs police resources based on algorithms?
Predictive policing
Which theory suggests residents reach a “tipping point” that accelerates crime?
Broken windows
What theory suggests crime encourages criminal subcultures?
Social disorganization
What theory links sense of community ownership to crime rates?
Defensible space
Where did Morris find offenders tended to concentrate in the UK?
Peripheral estates
What theory suggests residents avoid disorderly areas of cities?
Broken windows
What approach emerged from research on signal crimes?
Neighborhood policing
What approach uses physical changes to reduce crime rewards?
Situational crime prevention
Where did early research find young offenders tended to live?
Zone in transition
What theory suggests residents develop shared goals to reduce crime?
Collective efficacy
What criminological approach studies crime clusters using mapping?
Spatial analysis
What theory suggests public drinking sends signals about risk?
Signal crimes
What approach introduced community support officers in the UK?
Neighborhood policing
What theory suggests residents informally control crime?
Collective efficacy
What criminological study found variations in collective efficacy?
Sampson and Raudenbush
What theory links erosion of trust to higher crime rates?
Social disorganization
What approach introduced priority estates funding in the UK?
Safer cities
What theory suggests public areas shape opportunities for crime?
Routine activities theory
What theory links crime rates to community efficacy?
Collective efficacy theory
