Topic 5 (Cardiorespiratory Fitness)

Question 1

Number of deaths caused by disease is called ___________.

Answer 1

Mortality

Question 2

absence of health or the presence of illness/disease is called ___________.

Answer 2

morbidity

Question 3

number of people who have a disease is called ___________.

Answer 3

prevalence

Question 4

number of new cases of a disease is called _________.

Answer 4

incidence

Question 5

Black adults are ___ more likely to die from CVD (cardiovascular disease)

Answer 5

32%

Question 6

Regardless of sex and ethnicity, this disease is the leading cause of death

Answer 6

Cardiovascular Disease

Question 7

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of ______ (fats, cholesterol, etc.) in the artery walls, which ______ blood flow

Answer 7

plaque
blocks

Question 8

Key Abbreviations
CO - cardiac output (amount of _____ pumped by the heart, specifically the ____ ventricle; L/min)
BP - blood pressure (force of blood pushing through the ________; mmHg)
HR - heart rate (heart beats per min; bpm)
SV - stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the ____ ventricle during each cardiac contraction; mL/beat)
PVR - __________ ________ resistance (blockage to blood flow)

Answer 8

blood
left
arteries
peripheral vascular

Question 9

4 Purposes of the Cardiorespiratory System
1) deliver ______
2) regulate ___________
3) transfer __________
4) remove end product ___________

Answer 9

1) oxygen
2) temperature
3) nutrients
4) metabolites

Question 10

Difference between acute and chronic exercise
acute is a ______ session of physical activity, while chronic is a ________ exercise routine

Answer 10

single
repeated

Question 11

Acute response to exercise influenced by 7 factors
1) baseline ________ status
2) temperature, humidity
3) time of day
4) amount of _____
5) amount of food, coffee intake
6) use of alcohol or tobacco
7) anxiety

Answer 11

1) fitness
4) sleep

Question 12

3 phases of acute exercise

Answer 12

1) anticipatory
2) training
3) recovery

Question 13

sympathetic drive is responsible for the “_____ or ______” response parasympathetic withdrawal is responsible for the initial increase of __
These would be found in the ____________ phase of acute exercise.

Answer 13

“fight or flight”
HR
anticipatory

Question 14

What impacts stroke volume? (5 factors)
1) ______ return to heart (deoxygenated blood that returns to the right atrium)
2) ____ ventricular capacity to _______
3) contractility force of heart (allows more blood ejected per beat)
4) ________ pressure (higher arterial pressure makes it harder to eject blood, reduces SV)
5) sympathetic stimulation

Answer 14

1) venous
2) left, enlarge
4) arterial

Question 15

McArdle, Katch, and Katch takeaways
__ goes up as intensity increases; __ is higher at supine (back) position compared to upright position because __ is higher (increased venous return to heart); regardless of intensity, __ is the same between supine and upright positions

Answer 15

CO
CO
SV
HR

Question 16

Formula for MAP (mean arterial pressure)

Answer 16

DBP + 1/3(SBP-DBP)

Question 17

magnitude of change in VO2max depends on __ (2 factors) during chronic exercise
1) ____ principle
2) Baseline activity level

Answer 17

1) FITT

Question 18

main difference between acute and chronic training
In acute training, __ levels off and the increase in VO2 max is predominantly b/c of __ (after __-__% VO2 max). In Chronic training, __ accounts for the increase in CO, while __ has little difference/decrease.

Answer 18

SV
HR
40-60%
SV
HR

Question 19

difference between cardiac output and SV
cardiac output = blood pumped out of heart per ______
SV = blood pumped out of heart per ____

Answer 19

minute
beat

Question 20

skeletal muscles changes
1) Increase in ________
2) Increase in myoglobin
3) Increase size of ____-twitch muscle fibers

Answer 20

1) capillaries
3) slow

Question 21

metabolic changes
1) increase in the # of ____________
2) increase in mitochondria enzymes
3) increase stored ________

Answer 21

1) mitochondria
3) glycogen

Question 22

concentric contraction (muscle) _______ blood flow and compresses the ________ system. In response, the body issues an increase in __.

Answer 22

reduces
arterial
BP

Question 23

True or false: A trained individual would have a lower stroke volume as compared to an aerobically untrained individual

Answer 23

False, b/c aerobic training strengthens the heart, allowing it to pump more blood per beat.

Question 24

Oxygen _______ occurs at the beginning of exercise when the _______ of O2 exceeds supply; on a graph, it’s the ____ between rest and steady state. The body turns to _________ sources of energy while it adapts (ex. glycolysis) which results in _______ buildup and metabolites.

Answer 24

deficit
demand
area
anaerobic
lactate

Question 25

Oxygen ____ occurs after exercise when the body recovers. Oxygen consumption will be ______ than it was at the beginning stage of rest, as the body adapts to return to homeostasis by replenishing _________ stores.

Answer 25

debt
higher
anaerobic

Question 26

the reason why venous return to heart increases SV in the supine position is because of the _______ effects of gravity. The body is in horizontal alignment, so the body doesn’t have to work against gravity as hard to bring blood back to the heart, thus more blood can be pumped out.

Answer 26

reduced

Question 27

The ________ arteries outside of the heart supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle

Answer 27

coronary

Question 28

________ carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to tissues; _____ return deoxygenated blood to the heart for reoxygenation.

Answer 28

arteries
veins

Question 29

difference between the central and peripheral components of the oxygen transport system
central = the ________/transport of oxygen (pumping action of the heart; expressed as CO)
peripheral = the utilization of oxygen by tissues

Answer 29

delivery

Question 30

For the peripheral component, the formula for a-vo2 difference is the oxygen content in the ________ subtracted by the oxygen content in the _____. A higher a-VO2 different entails that muscles are ___________ more oxygen to meet energy demands.

Answer 30

arteries
veins
extracting

Question 31

In acute exercise, the increase in heart rate is directly proportional with _________. HR increases for - min, then levels off, which is called ______ state.

Answer 31

intensity
1-3
steady

Question 32

Formula for VO2

Answer 32

CO * a-vo2 difference

Question 33

What is VO2 affected by
1) ____ (larger individuals have higher O2 demands)
2) ___ (VO2 declines with you get older)
3) ___ (males typically have higher VO2)
4) ________ (genetics influence baseline VO2)
5) level of _______ (Aerobic training improves CO)
linearly
VO2 increases ___ with exercise.

Answer 33

1) size
2) age
3) sex
4) heredity
5) fitness
linearly

Question 34

If one of these occurs, then VO2 max is achieved
1) O2 consumption ________ during last min of VO2 max test
2) RER (CO2 produced/O2 consumed) >= _.__
3) HR within __ bpm of max (220-age)
4) Blood lactate > _ mmd/L

Answer 34

1) plateaus
2) 1.15
3) 10
4) 8

Question 35

what 3 systems does VO2 max depend on?

Answer 35

1) respiratory
2) cardiovascular
3) musculoskeletal

Question 36

The larger the muscle group, the larger the __ increase will be.

Answer 36

BP

Question 37

which has a higher systolic BP response, static/isometric contraction (stationary) vs. dynamic (movement)

Answer 37

static/isometric

Question 38

val salva maneuver
breath holding causes increased intra-_________ pressure and increase in __

Answer 38

abdominal
BP