Topic 13 (Older Adults & Arthritis)

Question 1

Age associated changes
1) ____ mineral mass
2) Decreased __ function, and ____ body mass
3) Decrease drug metabolism; decreased liver and kidney function
4) Decreased heart and lung fitness
5) mental impairment
6) high prevalence of chronic disease
7) neuromuscular changes
Reduced VO2 max is due to decrease in CO and aVO2-diff, but mainly __.

Answer 1

1) bone
2) GI, lean
SV

Question 2

True of false: aerobic training may be prioritized in the elderly population compared to muscular strength and endurance.

Answer 2

false

Question 3

Sarcopenia: loss of muscle ____ and muscle _______ (especially Type II/____ twitch)
Resistance training can prevent muscle mass decline in RMR (resting metabolic rate) and loss of bone _______. A higher RMR entails a greater efficiency at burning energy. As people age, RMR _________.

Answer 3

mass, fibers, fast
density
decreases.

Question 4

Exercise prescription for resistance training in the elderly is _______ to normal resistance training. but with emphasis on caution and ____ progression. Same RPE scale (- = moderate, - = vigorous). Power training may need to be incorporated.

Answer 4

similar
slow
5-6, 7-8

Question 5

Balance/postural stability training may be useful for preventing falls. Exercises include walking, dancing, resistance training, tai chi, etc. Focus on _____ body flexibility (ex. ankles).

Answer 5

lower

Question 6

Psychological benefits of Exercise
Improvement in cognitive function has ___ to be proved. Has been associated with ________ depression severity.

Answer 6

yet
reduced

Question 7

Self-efficacy = the belief that a person can be ___________ and in control of their daily life.

Answer 7

independent

Question 8

Arthritis = _____ inflammation
Osteoarthritis = degenerative joint disease (OA, DJD)
Fibromyalgia = generalized muscular pain, fatigue, and poor sleep
Rheumatoid arthritis = ____________ disease, inflammation of synovial lining (RA)
Exercise with an arthritic individual is individualized, ___________ is the foundation for physical activity in this population.

Answer 8

joint
autoimmune
stretching

Question 9

Arthritic Population Stretching
Individual experiencing acute inflammation during a session may require _______ stretching (person doing it for them), and _________ strengthening.

Answer 9

passive
isometric

Question 10

For aerobic training in the arthritic population, use ___ impact, and ____ temperature exercises when the joint pain is controlled (ex. walking in a warm pool).

Answer 10

low, warm

Question 11

Special considerations with arthritic population
- Restricted ROM
- unable to perform rapid repetitive motions
- decreased ____ strength and stability (may need to use cuffs, bands, etc.)

Answer 11

grip

Question 12

Osteoporosis: compromised ____ strength, increased risk of ________.
Risk factors
- gender (_______ more at risk), age, body size (________ individuals more at risk), ethnicity (Caucasians more at risk), family history, anorexia (eating disorder, more at risk), low calorie and vitamin _ intake (this vitamin stores calcium), sedentary lifestyle, smoking and alcohol abuse

Answer 12

bone, fracture
females
smaller
vitamin D