Topic 14 (Parkinson's Disease and Spinal Cord Injuries)

Question 1

Parkinson’s Disease
- Degenerative neurological condition
- Nerve cells in substantial nigra die or become impaired
- Reduced production of _______

Answer 1

dopamine

Question 2

Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease
1) Tremors
2) ________ of movement
3) rigidity
4) ____ balance
Other symptoms
- small cramped handwriting
- stiff facial expression
- shuffling walk (gait)
- muffled speech
- depression

Answer 2

2) slowness
4) poor

Question 3

Parkinson’s Disease
Exercise increases glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)
- protects against damage to substantial nigra and loss of dopamine
Exercise does ___ directly improve key (cardinal) features of Parkinson’s Disease: Bradykinesias, tremors, postural instability, rigidity
Exercise can _______ impaired mobility or functional movements

Answer 3

not
prevent

Question 4

Parkinson’s Disease Training Program
Include aerobic, stretching, and strengthening
- Increase mobility and mood
Pre-Exercise assessment
- complicating medical problems, such as _____ disease, should be ruled out
- Baseline level of fitness measured by __max.
- Decreased ___ of any particular joint should be identified to minimize the risk of injury

Answer 4

heart
HRmax
ROM

Question 5

Parkinson’s Training
Aerobic
- target frequency of - days per week
- Intensity based on the ________ of disease, generally 80-85% HRmax
- Mode: Rhythmic activities, non-weight bearing exercises, avoid unsupervised balance activities

Answer 5

3-4
severity

Question 6

Parkinson’s Training Stretching & Strengthening
- No particular stretching recommendations, other than proper ____-__ should be followed
- Use light weights, 30-60 % of 1 rep max
- Goal is not to ____, but to increase flexibility and strength
- Emphasis on extensor muscles (extending the spine, bending backward or maintaining erect posture) of the back

Answer 6

warm-up
bulk

Question 7

Body weight supported treadmill training is used as a _____ term fix for reciprocal gait

Answer 7

short

Question 8

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) - damage to the spinal cord, trauma to the vertebral column
- Classified as _________ or ___________, the former entails no sensation nor motor function below the location of the injury.

Answer 8

complete or incomplete

Question 9

Spinal Cord Injuries special considerations
- loss of _______ input
- lack of normal autonomic function
- impaired motor control
- fatigability
- inability to maintain hygiene and __ control

Answer 9

sensory
GI

Question 10

Spinal Cord Injury Training
- Training to reverse muscle atrophy
- _________ contractions at 60% 1 RM suggested as safest
- focus on ________ flexibility, __ and _______ strength.

Answer 10

hamstring, ab and triceps

Question 11

Spinal Cord Training
- Functional electrical stimulation (FES): treatment that sends electrical impulses to your _______ and nerves to make them move.
Brain Computer interfaces
- robotic exoskeleton
- BIONS: bionic neurons that’re wireless electronic stimulators injected into the body.

Answer 11

muscles

Question 12

Rodriquez-Fuentes et al.
- Testing the effectiveness of high intensity exercise on Parkinson’s Disease
- Use of __ technology
- Subjective questionnaire on experience given (some reported motion sickness)
- Administered for 3 months 2x per week
- saw strength improvements (focus on lower body strength to combat the risk of falling); significant improvements in functionality, quality of life, and disease progression as measured by
their balance, gait and risk of falling
- study fails to include ______ Parkinson’s’ cases

Answer 12

VR
severe