Topic 17 (Exercise Risks)

Question 1

Overreaching
- _____-term decrease in performance secondary to an accumulation of stress (restore performance within days to weeks)
- may or may not have physiological and psychological symptoms
Overtraining
- ____-term decrease in performance (typically lasts weeks to months)
- may or may not have physiological or psychological symptoms)

Answer 1

short-term

Question 2

Signs and Symptoms
Psychological
- Fatigue
- _____ disturbance
- Depression
- Mood Changes
Performance
- Decreased performance
- Lack of desire
- Increased __ and RPE
- Reduced pain tolerance
Physiological
- Immune suppression
- Elevated cortisol (sign of ______)
- Loss of appetite

Answer 2

sleep
HR
stress

Question 3

Musculoskeletal Injuries Causes
1) Biomechanics
2) Anatomy (Can’t change structural issues)
3) Training
Treatment of Overuse Injuries (RICE)
- First 72 hours since injury
- Rest, ice, compression, elevation
- In order: Make pathoanatomic diagnosis, control ____________ (controversial, some say to let the body naturally heal itself), promote healing, increase fitness, control abuse, return to sports participation

Answer 3

inflammation

Question 4

Female Athlete Triad
- Heavy exercise and disordered ______ leads to irregularity in the _________ cycle (Oligomenorrhea) or absence of (Amenorrhea), long term impact decrease estrogen levels which heightens the risk of Osteoporosis (decrease in bone _______)
Risk Factors for Female Triad Components
- Performance scored
- low body weight
- body contouring clothing
- weight categories
think gymnastics, swimming, etc.

Answer 4

eating, menstrual
density

Question 5

Heat Cramps
- at maximal exercise, 75% of muscle energy is converted into ____
- Dehydration (esp. salt)
- More likely to occur if: not acclimated to heat, poor sodium balance (helps retain intake fluid), diuretics
- Muscular pains and spasms (esp. in the legs)
- Weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and high __: solution - move to a ____ place, lie down, drink liquids with salt

Answer 5

heat
HR
HR, cool

Question 6

Heat Exhaustion (most common among heat illnesses)
- body fluid depletion
- low __, high RR and HR
- fatigue, weakness, may collapse, profuse sweating, skin pale-clammy, body temp elevated (<104 deg)
- move to ____ place, remove clothing
- drink sports/___________ drinks

Answer 6

BP
cool
electrolyte

Question 7

Heat Stroke (possibly fatal)
- Temp > ___ deg, disturbed sweat
- Hot, red, and dry or damp skin (no profuse sweating); rapid and strong pulse; unconscious or disoriented; vomiting; coma; seizures
- solution: cool place, remove clothing; emphasis on cooling fast (cold water, ice baths, fans, etc.)

Answer 7

> 104

Question 8

Sudden Death from Heart Attack
- ____ of exercise (more sedentary individuals)
- Ignore risk factors and symptoms
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (enlarged _____)
- Atherosclerosis > 30 y/o (buildup of ______ in artery walls, blocks blood flow)
- Exertion-related heart attacks in active individuals

Answer 8

Lack
heart
plaque

Question 9

MI Prevention in Inactive Individuals
- Focus on ________ exercise training (be conservative)
- Risk factor modification
- Be aware of these risk before performing vigorous activity

Answer 9

moderate

Question 10

Burfoot Article
- Story of Kelly Watt (runner from Charlottesville, supposed to run at W&M) dying from heatstroke
- Key factor was Watt’s lack of _____, which affects the brain’s response to heat

Answer 10

sleep