Topic 5- 3-Homestasis, Glucoregulation & Diabetes

Question 1

What conditions are controlled within the human body

Answer 1

Temperature-37oC
Blood Glucose Levels
Amount of water
Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide Levels

Question 2

Why is it important to maintaining a constant internal environment

Answer 2

So that the enzymes in our body are able to function at their optimum rate & so our cells can respire

Question 3

What are the 2 proteins created by the pancreas for glucoregulation

Answer 3

Insulin and Glucagon

Question 4

What happens if the blood glucose concentration becomes too high

Answer 4

It is detected by the pancreas and insulin is secreted into the blood, insulin is released until blood glucose concentration is reduced to normal (4-7mmol per litre)

Question 5

What does insulin cause the liver and muscle cells to do

Answer 5

It causes them to respire to use up as much of the glucose as possible, it also causes the liver to store some of the glucose as insoluble glycogen

Question 6

What happens if the blood glucose concentration becomes too low

Answer 6

It is detected by the pancreas and glucagon is secreted into the blood, glucagon is released until blood glucose concentration rises to normal (4-7mmol per litre)

Question 7

What does glucagon cause the liver to do

Answer 7

It causes the liver to break down the insoluble glycogen into glucose and release it into the blood stream, do that it can travel to cells that need it

Question 8

What type of disease is Type 1 diabetes

Answer 8

It is an autoimmune disease, this means the immune system destroys the insulin producing cells of the pancreas

Question 9

How is Type 1 diabetes controlled

Answer 9

It is controlled by daily insulin injections, these insulin injections allow the person to absorb and store glucose

Question 10

How is Type 2 diabetes caused

Answer 10

By being overweight and having a poor diet, in Type 2 diabetes the body no longer responds to the insulin

Question 11

How is Type 2 diabetes controlled

Answer 11

Controlling diet and exercise

Question 12

What are the effects on the body, if blood glucose levels stay above normal for long periods of time

Answer 12

Increased amounts of urine produced, this is due to the glucose in the body trying to leave it via urine
Increased thirst because of loss of water, due to increased amounts of urine excreted
Irritability and confusion
Coma due to brain cells unable to respire

Question 13

What are possible long term effects of diabetes

Answer 13

Eye damage due to high levels of blood glucose concentration
Kidney failure
Heart disease
Stroke