Topic 3- 1-Nutrient Groups & Digestion

Question 1

What the 6 main nutrients

Answer 1

Carbohydrate 
Protein
Fat
Minerals + Vitamins
Fibre/ Non-Starch Polysaccharides
Water

Question 2

Where are Carbohydrates found and what is their function

Answer 2

Bread, pasta, biscuit

Main source of energy

Question 3

Where are Proteins found and what is their function

Answer 3

Meat & Fish

For growth & repair of cells

Question 4

Where are Fats found and what is their function

Answer 4

Cheese, cream, butter, nuts & seeds

Insulation/ energy store

Question 5

Where are Minerals & Vitamins found and what is their function

Answer 5

Fruits, vegetables, sunlight, meat, milk

Release energy from our food & keep body healthy

Question 6

Where is Fibre found and what is its function

Answer 6

Cereals, vegetables

Help bowels to work by giving something to push against

Question 7

Where is Water found and what is its function

Answer 7

Fruit, juices, soup

Needed for chemical reactions

Question 8

What are the 3 macromolecules required most for out diet

Answer 8

Carbohydrates, proteins and fats

Question 9

What elements do all of these molecules contain

Answer 9

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 10

What element does Protein contain that none of the the other macromolecules contain

Answer 10

Nitrogen

Question 11

What are the 2 simple sugars that are in the Carbohydrate group

Answer 11

Glucose and Lactose (the sugar in milk)

Question 12

Name some complex carbohydrates

Answer 12

Cellulose (plant cell wall), glycogen (stores energy in liver and muscles), starch (stores energy in plants

Question 13

Is Glucose a Monosaccharide (single unit of sugar) or Disaccharide (two sugar molecules joined together)

Answer 13

Monosaccharide

Question 14

Is Sucrose a Monosaccharide (single unit of sugar) or Disaccharide (two sugar molecules joined together)

Answer 14

Disaccharide

Question 15

Why is starch an important source of energy

Answer 15

It releases energy slowly during digestion

Question 16

What makes a complex carbohydrate different from a simple carbohydrate

Answer 16

They are linked together to form very long molecules called complex carbohydrates

Question 17

What is Cellulose

Answer 17

It is a building material in plants made up of a lot of B-glucose linked together, it is important to the diet as fibre

Question 18

Why is Cellulose important in the diet

Answer 18

It adds bulk to out food and helps the muscles of the intestine push our food along

Question 19

How does Cellulose add bulk to our food

Answer 19

It cannot be digested

Question 20

What is Glycogen

Answer 20

Extra sugar built into complex molecules of Glycogen

Question 21

Where is Glycogen made and how is it controlled

Answer 21

It is made in liver cells and controlled by the hormone insulin

Question 22

Where is Glycogen stored

Answer 22

It is stored either in the liver or in muscles

Question 23

Name some examples of Simple Sugars

Answer 23

Biscuits
Sweets
Fruits

Question 24

Name some examples of Starch

Answer 24

Rice
Pasta
Bread

Question 25

What elements is Protein made of

Answer 25

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and sometimes Sulfur and Phosphorus

Question 26

What is the purpose of Protein

Answer 26

Building blocks for the growth and repair of cells, but can also be used for energy when reserves of carbohydrate and fat are low

Question 27

What is Protein used to make in the body

Answer 27

Structures of the body e.g hair, skin, muscle

Enzymes, hormones, antibodies

Question 28

What are Proteins

Answer 28

Complex molecules made up of long chains of Amino Acids

Question 29

How many different Amino Acids are there

Answer 29

20 different Amino Acids which can be used to produce thousands of different Proteins

Question 30

What happens to the Protein we eat

Answer 30

They are digested and the Amino Acids are absorbed into the blood, and into our cells where they used to make different Proteins the body needs

Question 31

What are the best sources of Protein

Answer 31

Food from animals- meat, fish, chicken, eggs

Question 32

What plants contain Protein

Answer 32

Maize, soya, beans and peas

Question 33

What is Kwashiorkor

Answer 33

It is a Protein Deficiency Disease (not enough protein in diet)

Question 34

What are symptoms of Kwashiorkor

Answer 34

Weak, poor health and swollen abdomen

Question 35

What elements are Lipids (fats) made up of

Answer 35

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 36

What are the two forms of Lipids and give examples

Answer 36

Fats- solid, usually from animals e.g butter, lard

Oils- liquid, usually from plants e.g olive and castor oil

Question 37

What is the purpose of Lipids

Answer 37

Act as an energy store and act as protection of body organs and heat (insulin)

Question 38

What are Lipids (molecule)

Answer 38

A single glycerol with 3 fatty acids attached

Question 39

What allows different types of Lipids to be made

Answer 39

By attaching different Fatty Acids to the Glycerol different Lipids are produced

Question 40

What are the 2 types of Fatty acids

Answer 40

Saturated and Unsaturated

Question 41

Where do these 2 Fatty Acids come from

Answer 41

Saturated Fat- animals (solid at room temp)

Unsaturated Fat- plants (liquid at room temp)

Question 42

What are problems with eating too much Saturated fat

Answer 42

Increase in blood cholesterol
Atherosclerosis
High blood pressure due to narrowing blood vessels