Topic 1-Cells

Question 1

Cell membrane

Answer 1

Controls movement into and out of cell

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

Liquid jelly where chemical reactions take place

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Controls cell activity and contains DNA

Question 4

Nuclear membrane

Answer 4

Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Question 5

Chromosomes

Answer 5

Genetic material - DNA/instructions

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

Releases energy through respiration - breaking down fats and carbohydrates

Question 7

Cellulose Cell Wall

Answer 7

Made of cellulose, gives cell support

Question 8

Chloroplasts

Answer 8

Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Contains green chlorophyll

Question 9

What do Plant and Animal cells have in common

Answer 9

They both have a Cell Membrane and a Nucleus

Question 10

What are differences between Plant and Animal cells

Answer 10

Plant Cells: Chloroplasts Cellulose Cell Wall

Animal Cells: No chloroplasts No Vacuole

Question 11

Are Plant and Animal cells alive

Answer 11

Yes, because they both respire by mitochondria

Question 12

Circular Chromosome

Answer 12

DNA that controls cell activity. Circular and free in cytoplasm

Question 13

Plasmids

Answer 13

Tiny circular sections of extra DNA (can be exchanged between cells)

Question 14

Cell Wall

Answer 14

Maintains cell shape and structure. Cell wall is made of murein ( or peptidoglycan )

Question 15

Flagellum

Answer 15

Whip like structure used to move/swim

Question 16

Similarities between Plant/Animal cells and Bacterial Cells

Answer 16

Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Question 17

Name parts of a cell specific to Plant and Animal cells

Answer 17

Nucleus Mitochondira

Question 18

Name parts of a cell specific to Bacterial cells

Answer 18

Plasmids Flagella

Question 19

Name a: Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism

Answer 19

Palisade Cell, Palisade Tissue, Leaf, Photosynthesis, Leaf

Question 20

What is diffusion

Answer 20

It is the movement of gas or dissolved molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 21

What effects the rate of diffusion

Answer 21

Temperature: higher temperature means more kinetic energy
Concentration gradient: the steeper the concentration gradient the faster the reaction occurs
Surface area: larger surface area means diffusion will happen more quickly

Question 22

What can Embryonic Stem cells do

Answer 22

Undifferentiated- able to develop into almost all cell types

Described as pluripotent stem cells

Question 23

What can adult stem cells do

Answer 23

Undifferentiated-able to give rise to a limited range of cells within tissue type
E.g blood stem cells give rise to red and white cells and platelets
Described as multipotent

Question 24

Where are adult stem cells found

Answer 24

Bone marrow

Question 25

Where are embryonic stem cells found

Answer 25

Embryos (from IVF) or embryonic chord blood

Question 26

Where are plant stem cells found

Answer 26

Meristems

Question 27

What can stem cells be used to treat

Answer 27

Leukaemia

Question 28

What is the purpose of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in the first stage of treatment for Leukaemia

Answer 28

Kill/destroy diseased cells

Question 29

What is the problem with Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in the treatment of Leukaemia

Answer 29

No immune system, the person is at risk of infection

Question 30

What is the purpose of a bone marrow transplant in the second stage of treatment for Leukaemia

Answer 30

To replace the white blood cells with healthy stem cells

Question 31

What is the problem with a bone marrow transplant in the treatment of Leukaemia

Answer 31

Could divide uncontrollably causing a tumour or could produce wrong cells

Question 32

What other diseases can stem cells have the potential to treat

Answer 32

Parkinson’s disease and paralysis

Question 33

What is Therapeutic cloning

Answer 33

Creating cloned adult stem cells to transplant back into patient

Question 34

What are the advantages of Therapeutic cloning

Answer 34

There is no risk of rejection as they are your own cells

Question 35

What are the disadvantages of using Therapeutic cloning

Answer 35

It requires the use of embryos which has ethical issues