Topic 4-Respiration Flashcards
What holds the trachea open
C-shaped rings of cartilage
What is the name of the split trachea
Bronchi (plural)/ bronchus (singular)
Where does air enter the trachea from
The nasal cavity
What does each bronchus split into
Bronchioles
What is at the end of each bronchiole
Alveoli (plural/ alveolus (singular)
What are the lung surrounded by (not the ribcage)
Two pleural membranes
What is the space made by the plural membranes and the lungs
The pleural cavity
What is the pleural cavity filled with
Pleural fluid
What is the function of the pleural fluid
It lubricants the lungs to stop it from being damaged by the ribcage
What are the adaptations the alveoli have for gas exchange
Large surface area- due to each bronchiole having many alveoli
Good Blood Supply- the alveoli are surrounded by capillaries to maintain the concentration gradient
Moist Permeable Surfaces- moist walls help the gasses to dissolve in the respiratory surfaces, permeable walls allow small substances through
Where are the intercostal muscles found
Between the ribs
Where is the diaphragm found
Below the lungs
What happens during inspiration (breathing in)
The intercostal muscles contract and pull the ribcage up and out, the diaphragm flattens further increasing the volume of the chest cavity, finally the lungs also increase in size and so the pressure inside them falls. This causes oxygen to enter the lungs through the nasal cavity
What happens during expiration (breathing out)
The intercostal muscles between the ribcage relax and cause it to move in and down, the diaphragm relaxes and bulges up into its original state decreasing the volume of the chest cavity, finally the lungs also decrease in volume so the pressure inside increases pushing air out through the nasal cavity
What does each part of the bell jar model represent
Glass tube- trachea
Balloon- lungs
Bell jar- ribcage
Rubber sheet- diaphragm
What is missing from the bell jar model
The alveoli inside the lungs and the intercostal muscles between the ribs
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose+Oxygen->Carbon Dioxide+Water+Energy
What is the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6+6O2->6CO2+6H2O+ATP
What does aerobic mean
With oxygen
Where does Aerobic respiration take place in the cell
In the mitochondria
What type of reaction is Aerobic respiration (exothermic/endothermic)
Exothermic meaning heat is released
What does anaerobic respiration
Without oxygen
When does anaerobic respiration take place
When oxygen is not available
What is the word equation for anaerobic in muscle cells
Glucose->Lactic Acid+Energy
