Topic 4-Respiration Flashcards
What holds the trachea open
C-shaped rings of cartilage
What is the name of the split trachea
Bronchi (plural)/ bronchus (singular)
Where does air enter the trachea from
The nasal cavity
What does each bronchus split into
Bronchioles
What is at the end of each bronchiole
Alveoli (plural/ alveolus (singular)
What are the lung surrounded by (not the ribcage)
Two pleural membranes
What is the space made by the plural membranes and the lungs
The pleural cavity
What is the pleural cavity filled with
Pleural fluid
What is the function of the pleural fluid
It lubricants the lungs to stop it from being damaged by the ribcage
What are the adaptations the alveoli have for gas exchange
Large surface area- due to each bronchiole having many alveoli
Good Blood Supply- the alveoli are surrounded by capillaries to maintain the concentration gradient
Moist Permeable Surfaces- moist walls help the gasses to dissolve in the respiratory surfaces, permeable walls allow small substances through
Where are the intercostal muscles found
Between the ribs
Where is the diaphragm found
Below the lungs
What happens during inspiration (breathing in)
The intercostal muscles contract and pull the ribcage up and out, the diaphragm flattens further increasing the volume of the chest cavity, finally the lungs also increase in size and so the pressure inside them falls. This causes oxygen to enter the lungs through the nasal cavity
What happens during expiration (breathing out)
The intercostal muscles between the ribcage relax and cause it to move in and down, the diaphragm relaxes and bulges up into its original state decreasing the volume of the chest cavity, finally the lungs also decrease in volume so the pressure inside increases pushing air out through the nasal cavity
What does each part of the bell jar model represent
Glass tube- trachea
Balloon- lungs
Bell jar- ribcage
Rubber sheet- diaphragm
