topic 3

Question 1

What are the components of a line graph?

6

Answer 1

1. X and Y axis lines
2. labels for axis
3. numbers on axis
4. data points and lines connecting them
5. phase line
6. phase labels

Question 2

What are the different variables and describe the functional relationship

Answer 2

• independent variable: treatment applied to the client
• dependent: target behaviour measre
• confounding (extraneous): another factor that may affect behaviour and is not controlled for

functional reationship: treatment causes a change
1. IV-DV: changing IV causes change in DV
2. replication: consistent pattern of results

Question 3

Explain A-B design

list pro and cons

Answer 3

• has one baseline and treatment phase
• baseline: collect atleast 3 data points and make sure it doesn’t show a trend
  pros: satisfactory for self-managment
  cons: not a true research design as it lacks replication

Question 4

A-B-A-B (reversal design)

Answer 4

• two baseline and treatment phase
• examines same behaviour for same client in same setting
• can include more than on kind of treatment

pros: can establish cause and effect
cons: may be unethical, behaviour may not revert back in second baseline

Question 5

Mutliple baseline designs

3 of them; list pros and cons

Answer 5

• baselines may vary in length before treatment
• intervention phase is staggered across
  1. multiple baseline across subjects: apply treatment to several different people
  2. multiple baseline across behaviours: apply treatment to serveral different behaviours
  3. across setting: applied treatment in different settings

pros: has no reversal, can see if behaviour occurs only when B phase starts
cons: treatments may spill over/spread across

Question 6

Alternating-treatments (multielement) design

define fractionation and list pros and cons

Answer 6

• baseline and treatment (or two treatment) phases are applied in rapid succession
• fractionation: consistent vertical separation b/w treatment curves

pros: extraneous variables will have less effect, ecaluates effects of different treatments
cons: treatments may interacti with each other

Question 7

Changing-criterion design

list pros and cons

Answer 7

• criterion for successful treament progressively changes
• uses A-B design

pros: good for behvaiours that can be approximated gradually
con: not good for behaviours that cant change gradually