Topic 10

Question 1

Define prompting

Answer 1

• giving stimuli before (or during) performance of a behaviour to increase the likelihood that a person will engage in the target behaviour at the correct time
• SD, or modify it to make it more salient

Question 2

Types of Prompts

what is response prompt

list and explain the 5 diff types

Answer 2

• response prompt: behaviour of another person that evokes the target behaviorur from the target person where the SD is also present
  1. verbal prompt: hints,instructions, commands/ verbal commands to guide/direct behaviour
  2. gestural: physical movements to indicate how, where or what behaviour to perform
  3. modeling: demonstration of the entire target behaviour by another person
  4. physical guidance: physicall assists
  5. three-step prompting: use of prompts progessively starting with verbal, modeling and then physical guidance

Question 3

Types of Prompts

what is stimulus prompting

describe the two types and its 3 subtypes

Answer 3

• SD is changed, or added/removed to encourage the target behaviour
  1. within-stimulus: changing the SD in some way
  2. extra-stimulus: involved adding a stimulus to the SD
• picture: drawing or photos
• auditory: sounds (other than words)
• environmental: alternations or additions to the physical surroundings in which the SD is presented

Question 4

Define transfer of stimulus control

Answer 4

• prompts are faded, reduced or eliminated so that the target behaviour occurs to the SD alone; behaviour continues to be reinforced

Question 5

Transfer of stimulus control

Define fading

Answer 5

• fading: gradual elimination of prompting so that eventually it is no longer needed

Question 6

Fading

explain response prompt fading and it’s subtype

Answer 6

• response prompt fading: response prompt is gradually lessened
  1. fading within prompt: same prompt is used but is decreased in magnitude
  2. fading across prompts: prompt is changed according to a prompting hierarchy
• most-to-least (decreasing assistance): prompts change from more intrusive to less intrustive
• least to most (increasing assistacne/system of least prompts) less intrustive to more intrusive

Question 7

transfer of stimulus control

explain graduated guidance

define: shadowing, spatial fading

Answer 7

• graduated guidance: used in fading physical guidance prompts; teacher provides as much physical guidance as required and then gradually reduces it
• shadowing: teacher’s hand follows learner’s movement without contact
• spatial fading: focus of guidance changes from fingers to hands to wrist etc.

Question 8

transfer of stimulus control

explain stimulus prompt fading

Answer 8

• stimulus prompt is decreased in magnitude or frequency

Question 9

define prompt delay

Answer 9

• present SD, wait a certain number of seconds and if target behaviour does not occur, provide the prompt
• typically used only with response prompts

Question 10

How do you use prompting and transfer of stimulus control

7 steps

Answer 10

1. choose most appropriate prompting strategy
2. get learner’s attention
3. always present the SD
4. prompt correct responses if SD does not evoke it
5. reinforce correct behaviour
6. transfer stimulus control
7. continue to reinforce unprompted responses