topic 15

Question 1

define reinforcement of alternative behaviour

Answer 1

• a procedure in which an undesirable behaviour is no longer reinforced (undergoes extinction) and a desirable alternative behaviour is reinforced
• alternative behaviour is not necessarily related to undesirable one

Question 2

how do you use DRA

Answer 2

1. select alternative behaviour that: requires equal or less effort than the problem behaviour; is already in the learner’s repertorie; is likely to be reinforced in the learner’s natural environment
2. select reinforcement that: is potent; can be delievered immediately and consitently then switch to intermittent schedule of reinforcement (thinning)

Question 3

Define differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviour

Answer 3

• a procedure in which an undersirable beahviour is extinguished, and a behaviour that is impossible to do at the same time as the undesirable behaviour is reinforced
• eg. Donnelly and Olczak - cigs butt (pica)

Question 4

What is functional communication training

define

Answer 4

• subtype of DRA, in which the alternative behaviour is a communication response
• also called DRC (of communication)
• a subtype called reinforcement of functionally equivalent behaviour: an acceptable behaviour recieves the same consequences as an undesirable behaviour

Question 5

Define Differential reinforcement of other behaviour

lis the 2 variations of DRO

Answer 5

• a procedure in which an undesirbale behaviour undergoes extinction, and a reinforcer is delievered after a period of time in which the behaviour does not occur
• also called differential reinforcement of zero responding/omission of behaviour

DRO variations:
- whole-nterval: reinfrocer delievered if problem behaviour is absent during the entire interval
- momentary: reinfrocer delievered if problem behaviour is absent at the end of the interval

Question 6

how to use DRO?

Answer 6

1. perform functional assessment to determine the reinforcer
2. choose reinforcement
3. choose length of intial DRO time interval
4. extinguish problem behaviour; reinforce omission intervals
5. if problem behaviour occurs before the end of the interval (whole-interval DRO), reset time interval
6. increase the interval length

Question 7

define differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL)

what are 3 variations?

Answer 7

• a procedure in which a lower rate of a behaviour is reinforced to decrease the rate of that behaviour; extinction applied when the rate of behaviour exceeds criterion for reinforcement

DRL variations
1. Full-session: reinforcer delivered if target behaviour occurs fewer than a certain number of times during a session
2. spaced-responding: reinfrocer deliverd if a certain amount of time has elapsed since last target behaviour
3. interal: session is divided into equal time intervals; reinforcer delivered if target behaviour occured no more than once during each interval

Question 8

how do you use DRL?

Answer 8

1. decide whether DRL is appropriate (behaviour should be reduced not eliminated)
2. determine desired rate of behaviour
3. choose b/w full session or spaced-responding
4. tell client the criterion for reinforcement
5. provide client with feedback/data on their behaviour