Topic 2.1 ionic Flashcards
Ionic compounds are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions. These forces act in all directions in the lattice and this is called __________.
Ionic compounds are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions. These forces act in all directions in the lattice and this is called IONIC BONDING
State the properties of ionic compounds
Ionic compounds have high melting points and high boiling points
Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water
Explain why ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points
Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points because a lot of energy is needed to break the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the positively and negatively charged ions
Explain why ionic compounds cannot conduct electricity when solid
Ionic compounds cannot conduct electricity when they are solids.
This is because, the ions are fixed in position in a giant lattice. They vibrate but cannot move around and carry a charge.
Explain why ionic compounds can conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water
Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when they are melted or dissolved in water.
This is because the ions are free to move and can carry a charge.
Explain why ionic compounds can conduct electricity when molten
Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when molten.
This is because the high temperature provides enough energy to overcome the many strong electrostatic forces between the oppositely charged ions. Ions are free to move around within the molten compound and can carry a charge
Explain why ionic compounds can conduct electricity when dissolved in water
Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
This is because the water molecules separate the ions from the lattice. The ions are free to move around within the solution and can carry a charge.
What happens when an ionic compound is dissolved in water
When an ionic compound is dissolved in water the lattice is split up by the water molecules (the lattice breaks down). The ions are then free to move around within the solution formed and can carry a charge
What do ionic substances form
Ionic substances form giant ionic lattices containing oppositely charged ions
What do giant ionic lattices contain
Giant ionic lattices contain oppositely charged ions
What are the ways to increase the conductivity of an ionic substance
The ways to increase the conductivity of an ionic substance are:
Melt the ionic substance to make it molten
Dissolve the ionic substance in water
Which of these ions will move to the positive electrode and which of these ions will move the negative electrode
lithium ions
chloride ions
bromide ions
calcium ions
zinc ions
sodium ions
oxide ions
barium ions
iodide ions
The ions that will move to the positive electrode
Chloride ions
Bromide ions
Oxide ions
Iodide ions
(These are the negative ions - opposite charges attract)
The ions that will move to the negative electrode
Lithium ions
Calcium ions
Zinc Ions
Sodium Ions
Barium Ions
(These are positive ions - opposite charges attract)
State the ionic formula for:
Sodium Iodide
Potassium Oxide
Aluminium nitrate
Ammonium Astatide
Rubidium sulfate
Copper (II) oxide
Zinc (II) bromide
Sodium Iodide
NaI
Potassium Oxide
K2O
Aluminium nitrate
Al(NO3)3
Ammonium Astatide
NH4At
Rubidium sulfate
RbSO4
Copper (II) oxide
CuO
Zinc (II) bromide
ZnBr2
State the charge for these ions
Nitrate
Carbonate
Sulfate
Hydroxide
Ammonium
Phosphate
Silver
Zinc
Nitrate
NO3-
Carbonate
CO3 2-
Sulfate
SO4 2-
Hydroxide
OH-
Ammonium
NH4+
Phosphate
PO4 3-
Silver
Ag 1+
Zinc
Zn 2+
What is the formula for the following compounds
ammonia
ammonium
ammonia
NH3
ammonium
NH4
Potassium forms an ionic compound with sulfur
Describe what happens when two atoms of potassium react with one atom of sulfur
Give your answer in terms of electron transfer
Electrons are transferred from the potassium atoms to the sulfur atom
Two potassium atoms react with 1 sulfur atom
The two potassium atoms each lose one electron
To form an ion with a charge of 1+ (forming Potassium ions (K+ / 1+ ions)
The Sulfur atom gains 2 electrons
To form an ion with a charge of 2- (forming sulfide ions (S2− / 2− ions)
This results in the potassium ion and the sulfide ions achieving a complete outer shell and attaining the electronic structure of a noble gas.
Magnesium chloride contains magnesium ions (Mg 2+) and chloride ions (Cl -)
Describe in terms of electrons what happens when a magnesium atoms reacts with chlorine atoms to produce magnesium chloride
Electrons are transferred from the magnesium atom to the chlorine atoms
The magnesium atoms loses 2 electrons
to form an ion with a charge of 2+ (forming magnesium ions Mg 2+ ions)
2 chlorine atoms react with 1 magnesium atom
Each chlorine atom gains 1 electron
To form an ion with a charge of 1- ( forming chloride ions Cl- ions)
This results in the magnesium ion and the chloride ions achieving a complete outer shell and attaining the electronic structure of a noble gas.
Describe the structure of a ionic compound
Ionic compounds have a giant ionic lattice structure
The ions form a closely packed regular lattice arrangement , held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions, in all directions in the lattice
Magnesium oxide contains magnesium ions (Mg2+) and oxide ions (O2–)
Describe, as fully as you can, what happens when magnesium atoms react with oxygen atoms to produce magnesium oxide.
Electrons are transferred from the magnesium atom to the oxygen atom
The magnesium atoms loses 2 electrons
to form an ion with a charge of 2+ (forming magnesium ions Mg 2+ ions)
The oxygen atom gains 2 electrons
To form an ion with a charge of 2- ( forming oxide ions O2- ions)
This results in the magnesium ion and the oxide ion achieving a complete outer shell and attaining the electronic structure of a noble gas.
Explain why metal atoms form positively charged ions whereas non-metal atoms form negatively charged ions
Metal atoms have fewer electrons in outer shell
so lose electrons to form ions
with stable electronic structure of noble gas
The metal ions contain more protons than electrons, giving positive ions.
*Non-metal atoms with 5, 6 or 7 electrons in outer shells
*gain electrons to form ions *with electronic structure of noble gas
*ions have more electrons than protons, resulting in negative ions
In ionic bonding, the ___________ are transferred from the _______ to the ____________________
In ionic bonding, the outer electrons are transferred from the metal atom to the non-metal atom
State the empirical formula for sodium chloride
NaCl - its just the ionic formula.
Empirical formula - a formula that is showing the simplest possible whole number ratio of atoms in a compound
