Nanoparticles Flashcards
Define nanoscience
Nanoscience is the study of very tiny particles or structures between 1 and 100 nanometres in size - where 1 nanometre = 10 -9 metres
Write 1mm in metres
1mm= 1 x 10 -3 m
A thousandth of a metre
Write 1 micrometre in metres
1 μm = 1 x 10 -6 m
A millionth of a metre
Write 1 nanometre in metres
1nm = 1 x 10 -9 m
A billionth of a metre
State another name for coarse particles
Coarse particles can be referred to as:
PM10 (subscript 10)
Dust
State the diameter of Coarse particles
Coarse particles (PM10) have diameters between 1 x 10 -5 m and 2.5 x 10 -6 m.
How many atoms do Coarse particles contain
Coarse particles contain tens of thousands of atoms
State another name for Fine particles
Fine particles can be referred to as:
PM2.5 (subscript 2.5)
State the diameter of Fine particles
Fine particles (PM2.5), have a diameter between 100
and 2500 nm
(1 x 10-7 m and 2.5 x 10-6 m).
How many atoms do Fine particles contain
Fine particle contain several thousand atoms
State the diameter of nanoparticles
Nanoparticles have a diameter between 1 and 100 nanometres
How many atoms do Nanoparticles contain
Nanoparticles contain a few hundred atoms
What is the relationship between the particle size and surface area to volume ration
As the side of cube decreases by a factor of 10 the surface area to
volume increases by a factor of 10.
Show the relationship between particle size and surface area to volume ration, with cubes.
file:///C:/Users/44748/Documents/nanoparticles.pdf
The size of the side of a cube is 10 cm
Surface area = 10 x 10 x 6 = 600 cm2
Volume = 10 x 10 x 10 = 1000 cm3
Surface Area : Volume ratio = 600/1000 = 0.6 /cm
The size of the size of a cube is 1 cm
Surface area = 1 x 1 x 6 = 6
Volume = 1 x 1 x 1 = 1
Surface Area : Volume ratio = 6/1= 6 /cm
How big is the surface area : volume ratio of nanoparticles
Nanoparticles have a huge surface area : volume ratio
What does this statement mean
Nanoparticles have a huge surface area : volume ratio
Nanoparticles have a huge surface area : volume ratio
This statement means that even a small amount of nanoparticles has a massive surface area.
State the uses of nanoparticles
Uses of nanoparticles
Medicines
Sun creams
Cosmetics
Deodorants
Electronics
Catalysts
Construction materials
State some of the risks of nanoparticles
It is possible that nanoparticles can be absorbed into the body and enter our cells.
ESPECIALLY WHEN NANOPARTICLES ARE USED IN APPLICATIONS SUCH AS
COSMETICS
DEODORANTS
SUN CREAMS
No-one knows the potential long-term effects of this.
It is important that nanoparticles are studied and used carefully
How big is a nanometre
A nanometre is 1 x 10 -9 metres
How many atoms are nanostructures made up of
Nanostructures are made up of a few hundred atoms
How big is a micrometre in metres
A micrometre is 1 x 10 -6 metres
Why do nanoparticles have different properties to the same material when in bulk
Nanoparticles have a huge proportion of their atoms or molecules on the surface. They have a large surface area : volume ration which changes the properties to their bulk materials
If the side of a cub decreases by a factor of 10, what is the relationship with is surface area to volume ratio
If the side of a cube decreases by a factor of 10, the surface area to volume ration of the cube will increase by 10
Why are nanoparticles so reactive and how does this affect how much is needed compared to bulk materials
Large percentages of a nanoparticles atoms are at the surface and are available to react. This means small amounts are required in chemical reactions compared to bulk materials
What does a high surface area to volume ratio cause in nanoparticles
A high surface area to volume ration changes their properties compared to large molecules
