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GCSE Chemistry > Nanoparticles > Flashcards

Nanoparticles Flashcards

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1
Q

Define nanoscience

A

Nanoscience is the study of very tiny particles or structures between 1 and 100 nanometres in size - where 1 nanometre = 10 -9 metres

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2
Q

Write 1mm in metres

A

1mm= 1 x 10 -3 m
A thousandth of a metre

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3
Q

Write 1 micrometre in metres

A

1 μm = 1 x 10 -6 m
A millionth of a metre

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4
Q

Write 1 nanometre in metres

A

1nm = 1 x 10 -9 m
A billionth of a metre

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5
Q

State another name for coarse particles

A

Coarse particles can be referred to as:

PM10 (subscript 10)

Dust

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6
Q

State the diameter of Coarse particles

A

Coarse particles (PM10) have diameters between 1 x 10 -5 m and 2.5 x 10 -6 m.

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7
Q

How many atoms do Coarse particles contain

A

Coarse particles contain tens of thousands of atoms

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8
Q

State another name for Fine particles

A

Fine particles can be referred to as:

PM2.5 (subscript 2.5)

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9
Q

State the diameter of Fine particles

A

Fine particles (PM2.5), have a diameter between 100
and 2500 nm
(1 x 10-7 m and 2.5 x 10-6 m).

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10
Q

How many atoms do Fine particles contain

A

Fine particle contain several thousand atoms

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11
Q

State the diameter of nanoparticles

A

Nanoparticles have a diameter between 1 and 100 nanometres

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12
Q

How many atoms do Nanoparticles contain

A

Nanoparticles contain a few hundred atoms

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13
Q

What is the relationship between the particle size and surface area to volume ration

A

As the side of cube decreases by a factor of 10 the surface area to
volume increases by a factor of 10.

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14
Q

Show the relationship between particle size and surface area to volume ration, with cubes.

A

file:///C:/Users/44748/Documents/nanoparticles.pdf

The size of the side of a cube is 10 cm

Surface area = 10 x 10 x 6 = 600 cm2

Volume = 10 x 10 x 10 = 1000 cm3

Surface Area : Volume ratio = 600/1000 = 0.6 /cm

The size of the size of a cube is 1 cm

Surface area = 1 x 1 x 6 = 6

Volume = 1 x 1 x 1 = 1

Surface Area : Volume ratio = 6/1= 6 /cm

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15
Q

How big is the surface area : volume ratio of nanoparticles

A

Nanoparticles have a huge surface area : volume ratio

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16
Q

What does this statement mean

Nanoparticles have a huge surface area : volume ratio

A

Nanoparticles have a huge surface area : volume ratio

This statement means that even a small amount of nanoparticles has a massive surface area.

17
Q

State the uses of nanoparticles

A

Uses of nanoparticles

Medicines
Sun creams
Cosmetics
Deodorants
Electronics
Catalysts
Construction materials

18
Q

State some of the risks of nanoparticles

A

It is possible that nanoparticles can be absorbed into the body and enter our cells.
ESPECIALLY WHEN NANOPARTICLES ARE USED IN APPLICATIONS SUCH AS
COSMETICS
DEODORANTS
SUN CREAMS

No-one knows the potential long-term effects of this.

It is important that nanoparticles are studied and used carefully

19
Q

How big is a nanometre

A

A nanometre is 1 x 10 -9 metres

20
Q

How many atoms are nanostructures made up of

A

Nanostructures are made up of a few hundred atoms

21
Q

How big is a micrometre in metres

A

A micrometre is 1 x 10 -6 metres

22
Q

Why do nanoparticles have different properties to the same material when in bulk

A

Nanoparticles have a huge proportion of their atoms or molecules on the surface. They have a large surface area : volume ration which changes the properties to their bulk materials

23
Q

If the side of a cub decreases by a factor of 10, what is the relationship with is surface area to volume ratio

A

If the side of a cube decreases by a factor of 10, the surface area to volume ration of the cube will increase by 10

24
Q

Why are nanoparticles so reactive and how does this affect how much is needed compared to bulk materials

A

Large percentages of a nanoparticles atoms are at the surface and are available to react. This means small amounts are required in chemical reactions compared to bulk materials

25
Q

What does a high surface area to volume ratio cause in nanoparticles

A

A high surface area to volume ration changes their properties compared to large molecules

26
Q
A

GCSE Chemistry (43 decks)

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