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GCSE Chemistry > Polymers > Flashcards

Polymers Flashcards

1
Q

Describe what is meant by an addition polymer

A

In addition polymers, the monomers are alkenes.

In addition polymerisation reactions, many small molecules
(monomers) join together to form very large molecules (polymers)

A large molecule made from alkene monomers which bond together by opening up their double bonds and forming long chains

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2
Q

what is an addition reaction

A

reactions where the double bond in an alkene opens up to leave a single bond and a new atom is added to each carbon

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3
Q

What type of molecules are used to make polymers by addition polymerisation

A

Alkenes can be used to make polymers such as poly(ethene) and poly(propene) by addition polymerisation.

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4
Q

difference between alkenes and addition polymers in terms of structure

A

The monomer has a double carbon to carbon bond but the polymer has single carbon to carbon bonds

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5
Q

what is a polymer

A

A polymer is made by joining together thousands of small identical molecules

A long chain molecule that is formed by joining lots of smaller molecules (monomers) together

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6
Q

What is a monomer

A

a small molecule that can be joined together with other small molecules to form a polymer

these identical molecules are called monomers

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7
Q

The _______ molecules have joined together to form the _________

A

The monomer molecules have joined together to form the polymer

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8
Q

What is a repeating unit

A

the shortest repeating section of a polymer

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9
Q

Draw diagrams to represent the formation of an addition polymer

ethene

A

see cgp book

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10
Q

Two different types of polymers

A

Addition polymers
Condensation polymers

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11
Q

poly meaning

A

poly means many

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12
Q

draw the polymer poly(ethene)

A

https://images.ukessays.com/180520/2/0636388.007.jpg

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13
Q

draw the repeating unit of poly(ethene)

A

https://www.tutormyself.com/wp-content/uploads/polyethene-repeat-unit-233x300.png

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14
Q

draw the structure of the monomer ethene

A

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/z8vmv9q/medium

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15
Q

formula of poly(ethene) draw the structure

A

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/zqrhrwx/medium

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16
Q

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/zqrhrwx/medium

what does the n represent

A

The n represents a large number
This tells us that the polymer consists of a large number of repeating units

17
Q

Features of addition polymers

A

In addition polymers, the repeating unit has the same atoms as the monomer.
This is because, no other molecule is formed in the reaction
when we make an addition polymer All of the atoms in the monomer end up in the polymer

The repeating unit does not contain a double bond

The monomers that make up addition polymers have a double covalent bond

18
Q

reaction of conversion of ethene to poly(ethene)

show an equation for the polymerisation of poly(ethene).

A

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/zqrhrwx/medium

19
Q

In addition polymers explain why the repeating unit has the same atoms as the monomer.

A

In addition polymers, the repeating unit has the same atoms as the monomer.
This is because, no other molecule is formed in the reaction

20
Q

draw poly(propene)

A

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/z9vmv9q/small

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/ztjbjty/small

21
Q

The diagram shows the structure of propene. Deduce the structure of poly(propene), and use this to show an equation for the polymerisation of propene.

A

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/ztjbjty/small

22
Q

describe what happens during an addition reaction

A

during an addition reaction, lots of unsaturated monomer molecules (alkenes) open up their double bons and join together to form polymer chains
This is called addition polymerisation

23
Q

Describe what is meant by a condensation polymer

A

a large molecule made from monomers with at least two different functional groups that react together to form chains
A small molecule is lost for each bond formed

24
Q

Draw the repeating unit for a condensation polymer

A
25
Q

Describe what happens during condensation polymerisation

A

In condensation polymers, the monomers are not alkenes
When these monomers react, we lose small molecules such as water

26
Q

how condensation polymers are formed

A

With condensation polymers, we start with two different monomers
Each monomer has two of the same functional groups
reacting a carboxylic acid with an alcohol produces an ester + water
To form the condensation polymer, we react our two monomers together
These react to form an ester and water
We can continue to add monomers to either end and this allows us to produce a long polymer

27
Q

ethane diol HO - CH2 - CH2 - OH
hexanedioic acid HOOC - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - COOH
what do these monomers have in common

A

Each monomer has two of the same functional groups
Ethane diol has two alcohol groups
hexanedioic acid has two carboxylic acid groups

HO - BOX - OH
HOOC - BOX - COOH

28
Q

condensation polymerisation of
HO-BOX-OH and HOOC - BOX - COOH

DRAW STRUCTURAL AND DISPLAYED FORMULA
LABEL ESTER LINK

A

First react them together
alcohol loses H
carboxylic acid looses OH

HO - BOX - OOC - BOX - COO - BOX - OOC- BOX - OH

H2O IS PRODUCED

https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/w=1280,f=auto/uploads/2020/01/Forming-Terylene.png

ESTER LINK

29
Q

HO - BOX - OOC - BOX - COO - BOX - OOC- BOX - OH
what is this type of polymer called

A

This type of polymer is called a polyester

30
Q

draw repeating unit
HO - BOX - OOC - BOX - COO - BOX - OOC- BOX - OH

A
  • BOX - OOC - BOX - COO -
31
Q

draw formula for polyester
HO - BOX - OOC - BOX - COO - BOX - OOC- BOX - OH

A

-(- BOX - OOC - BOX - COO -)-n

32
Q

draw the structure of this following polymerisation

1000 HO-BOX-OH + 1000HOOC-BOX-COOH

A

-(-BOX - OOC - BOX - COO -)100

GCSE Chemistry (43 decks)

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