Polymers Flashcards
Describe what is meant by an addition polymer
In addition polymers, the monomers are alkenes.
In addition polymerisation reactions, many small molecules
(monomers) join together to form very large molecules (polymers)
A large molecule made from alkene monomers which bond together by opening up their double bonds and forming long chains
what is an addition reaction
reactions where the double bond in an alkene opens up to leave a single bond and a new atom is added to each carbon
What type of molecules are used to make polymers by addition polymerisation
Alkenes can be used to make polymers such as poly(ethene) and poly(propene) by addition polymerisation.
difference between alkenes and addition polymers in terms of structure
The monomer has a double carbon to carbon bond but the polymer has single carbon to carbon bonds
what is a polymer
A polymer is made by joining together thousands of small identical molecules
A long chain molecule that is formed by joining lots of smaller molecules (monomers) together
What is a monomer
a small molecule that can be joined together with other small molecules to form a polymer
these identical molecules are called monomers
The _______ molecules have joined together to form the _________
The monomer molecules have joined together to form the polymer
What is a repeating unit
the shortest repeating section of a polymer
Draw diagrams to represent the formation of an addition polymer
ethene
see cgp book
Two different types of polymers
Addition polymers
Condensation polymers
poly meaning
poly means many
draw the polymer poly(ethene)
https://images.ukessays.com/180520/2/0636388.007.jpg
draw the repeating unit of poly(ethene)
https://www.tutormyself.com/wp-content/uploads/polyethene-repeat-unit-233x300.png
draw the structure of the monomer ethene
https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/z8vmv9q/medium
formula of poly(ethene) draw the structure
https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/zqrhrwx/medium
https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/zqrhrwx/medium
what does the n represent
The n represents a large number
This tells us that the polymer consists of a large number of repeating units
Features of addition polymers
In addition polymers, the repeating unit has the same atoms as the monomer.
This is because, no other molecule is formed in the reaction
when we make an addition polymer All of the atoms in the monomer end up in the polymer
The repeating unit does not contain a double bond
The monomers that make up addition polymers have a double covalent bond
reaction of conversion of ethene to poly(ethene)
show an equation for the polymerisation of poly(ethene).
https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/zqrhrwx/medium
In addition polymers explain why the repeating unit has the same atoms as the monomer.
In addition polymers, the repeating unit has the same atoms as the monomer.
This is because, no other molecule is formed in the reaction
draw poly(propene)
https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/z9vmv9q/small
https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/ztjbjty/small
The diagram shows the structure of propene. Deduce the structure of poly(propene), and use this to show an equation for the polymerisation of propene.
https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/ztjbjty/small
describe what happens during an addition reaction
during an addition reaction, lots of unsaturated monomer molecules (alkenes) open up their double bons and join together to form polymer chains
This is called addition polymerisation
Describe what is meant by a condensation polymer
a large molecule made from monomers with at least two different functional groups that react together to form chains
A small molecule is lost for each bond formed
Draw the repeating unit for a condensation polymer
Describe what happens during condensation polymerisation
In condensation polymers, the monomers are not alkenes
When these monomers react, we lose small molecules such as water
how condensation polymers are formed
With condensation polymers, we start with two different monomers
Each monomer has two of the same functional groups
reacting a carboxylic acid with an alcohol produces an ester + water
To form the condensation polymer, we react our two monomers together
These react to form an ester and water
We can continue to add monomers to either end and this allows us to produce a long polymer
ethane diol HO - CH2 - CH2 - OH
hexanedioic acid HOOC - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - COOH
what do these monomers have in common
Each monomer has two of the same functional groups
Ethane diol has two alcohol groups
hexanedioic acid has two carboxylic acid groups
HO - BOX - OH
HOOC - BOX - COOH
condensation polymerisation of
HO-BOX-OH and HOOC - BOX - COOH
DRAW STRUCTURAL AND DISPLAYED FORMULA
LABEL ESTER LINK
First react them together
alcohol loses H
carboxylic acid looses OH
HO - BOX - OOC - BOX - COO - BOX - OOC- BOX - OH
H2O IS PRODUCED
https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/w=1280,f=auto/uploads/2020/01/Forming-Terylene.png
ESTER LINK
HO - BOX - OOC - BOX - COO - BOX - OOC- BOX - OH
what is this type of polymer called
This type of polymer is called a polyester
draw repeating unit
HO - BOX - OOC - BOX - COO - BOX - OOC- BOX - OH
- BOX - OOC - BOX - COO -
draw formula for polyester
HO - BOX - OOC - BOX - COO - BOX - OOC- BOX - OH
-(- BOX - OOC - BOX - COO -)-n
draw the structure of this following polymerisation
1000 HO-BOX-OH + 1000HOOC-BOX-COOH
-(-BOX - OOC - BOX - COO -)100
