Topic 2 Flashcards
Define ion
An ion is a charged particle produced by the loss or gain of electrons
Define ionic bond
An ionic bond is the electrostatic force of attraction between positively and negatively charged ions
Define ionic equation
An ionic equation is an equation that shows only those ions or atoms that change in a chemical reaction
What do atoms do during chemical reactions and what does it result in
Atoms lose and gain electrons during chemical reactions resulting in oppositely charged ions
Ionic bonding is between _______ and _____________
Ionic bonding is between metals and non-metals
Atoms lose or gain electrons resulting in ______________
Atoms lose or gain electrons resulting in oppositely charged ions
______ and ________ ions _______ to form an _______ bond
Positive and negative ions attract together to form an ionic bond
Draw the electron of a sodium ion and atom
State it’s electron configuration
What is the sodium atom called when it has become an ion
Sodium atom 2,8,1
Sodium ion [2,8]+
Dot and cross diagram
Draw the electron of an oxygen ion,and atom
State it’s electron configuration
What is the oxygen atom called when it has become an ion
Oxygen atom 2,6
Oxide ion 2,8
For the oxide ion, all the electrons are crosses or dots, not a mixture of both
Do group 4 atoms form ions
Group 4 atoms do not form ions (apart from tin, Sn and lead, Pb, at the bottom of the group
Do group 0 atoms for ions
Group 0 never form ions in compounds
Why do atoms react with other atoms.
Atoms react with atoms, to gain, lose or share electrons from in order to achieve a full outer shell (noble gas configuration)
Draw the dot and cross diagram for lithium fluoride
https://chemlegin.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/2012_08_05_lithium_fluoride3_80pc1.png?w=352&zoom=2
but with square brackets
Draw the dot and cross diagram for magnesium oxide
https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/z9nc2nb/large
Draw the dot and cross diagram for calcium oxide
https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/z9nc2nb/large
but calcium instead of magnesium
Draw the dot and cross diagram for magnesium chloride
https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/zqx7fcw/large
Sodium sulfide is an ionic compound with formula Na2S. Explain what this formula means
The ratio of Na+ to S2-ions in Sodium Sulfide is 1:2
Explain what the formula MgO means
The ratio of Mg 2+ ions and O2- ions in Magnesium Oxide is 1:1
Explain why potassium bromide is KBr but potassium oxide is K2O
There is no overall charge on an ionic compound,
Both potassium bromide and potassium oxide are ionic compounds
Potassium is in group 1, so forms 1+ ions.
Bromine is is in group 7, so forms 1- ions
In Potassium Bromide (KBr) the 1− charge on Br− ion is cancelled by 1+ charge on K+ ion,
Whereas, in Potassium Oxide (K2O) two K+ ions are needed to cancel out the 2− charge on O2− ion (Oxygen is in group 6, so forms 2- ions)
Explain why magnesium oxide is MgO but magnesium chloride is MgCl2
There is no overall charge on an ionic compound,
Both magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride are ionic compounds
Magnesium is in group 2, so forms 2+ ions.
Oxygen is is in group 6, so forms 2- ions
In Magnesium Oxide (MgO) the 2− charge on O2− ion is cancelled by 2+ charge on Mg2+ ion.
whereas two Cl− ions (Chlorine is in group 7, so forms 1- ions) are needed to cancel out the 2+ charge on an Mg2+ ion in Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2).
Explain why metal atoms form positively charged ions whereas non-metals form negatively charged ions
metal atoms have fewer electrons in outer shell
* so lose electrons to form ions
* with stable electronic structure of noble gas
* ions contain more protons than electrons, giving positive ions.
- Non-metal atoms with 5, 6 or 7 electrons in outer shells
- gain electrons to form ions
- with electronic structure of noble gas
- ions have more electrons than protons, resulting in negative ions
Explain why simple ions often have noble gas electronic structures
Noble gas electronic structures have a full shell of outer electrons,
which is a very stable structure
What does a chlorine atom do to become an ion, state what happens in terms of electron shells to the ion
State the name of the ion
Chlorine atoms gains 1 electron to become a CHLORIDE ion and have a full outer shell
What does an oxygen atom do to become an atom
state what happens in terms of electron shells to the ion
State the name of the ion
An oxygen atom gains two electrons to become an OXIDE ions and have a full outer shell
State the three types of bonding
ionic bonding
covalent bonding
metallic bonding
Types of compounds
Ionic
Simple molecular
Giant covalent
