Topic 2: Social change (1964-70) Flashcards
4
Describe change in the expansion of TV (1964-70)
- TV ownership increased to 91% in 1971 from 75% in 1961
- By 1969, TV accounted for 23% of lesiure time
- Hugh Greene (BBC Director-General 1960-69) reformed radio/tv in sixties
- 1967, BBC Two became first channel to show colour
2
Describe continuity in the expansion of TV (1964-70)
- TV ownership had been high beforehand
- Massive changes with ITV launch in 1955
6
Describe change in the expansion of radio (1964-70)
- Hugh Greene (BBC Director-General 1960-69) reformed radio/tv in sixties
- Development of cheap and portable transitor radio permitted survival
- Growth of commercial radio stations (e.g. Radio Luxembourg) to counter 3 BBC radio stations
- Rise of pirate stations from 1964 (e.g. Radio Caroline broadcast from ship off Essex Coast)
- Shut down by Marine Broadcasting Act 1967
- Former pirate DJs hired by BBC
2
Describe change in the expansion of print media (1964-70)
- Tabloid, The Sun, launched in 1964 and replaced more serious WC paper, the Daily Herald (though not tabloid until 1969 Murdoch purchase) - pg3 girls by 1970
- End of censorship - more permissive
6
Describe change in the growth of leisure activities (1964-70)
- By 1969, TV accounted for 23% of leisure time
- Cars permitted travel to larger shopping centres and leisure facilities
- Holidays (see other card)
- OU creation
- Rise in popularity of football after World Cup win in 1966
- Restrictions on footballers’ pay removed
3
Describe change in holidays (3 or more days) (1964-70)
- Holidays abroad rose from 4m in 1961 to 7m in 1971
- British Airways founded in 1964 - offerred European flights to places such as Malta
- Package holidays grew from 4% in 1966 of total holidays to 8.4% in 1971
4 - focussed on sport + holidays
Describe continuity in leisure activities (1964-70)
- Other WC sports did not garner same attention as football
- Cost of air travel meant foreign holidays were reserved for wealthy middle class
- 1971, 41m holidays, only 7m of which abroad
- Package holidays still in infancy
4
Describe change in scientific developments (1964-70)
- Labour government made scientific development a key aim
- 1969, Concorde’s first flight (made by an Anglo-French partnership)
- ‘Post Office Tower’ opened in 1965 to improve telecommunications (then tallest builiding in britain)
- Launch of polytechnics
3
Describe change in the reduction of censorship (1964-70)
- Theatres Act 1968 abolished Lord Chamberlain’s right to censor stage plays
- PMB by George Strauss (Labour backbencher) with Home Office support
- Rise in productions with nudity and swearing
5
Describe continuity in the reduction of censorship (1964-70)
- Newly dispensed books, like Fanny Hill, and productions, like Hair, would prove controversial
- Censorship remained through ‘British Board of Film Censors’ e.g. Alfie (1966) banned for abortion links
- Mary Whitehouse - ‘Clean-up TV’ pressure group launched in 1964
- Campaign led to ‘National Viewers and Listeners association’ in 1965, soon to hold 100k members
- Arguably legitimised decadence of 50s, rather than spurring revolution in arts
5
Describe change in female equality (1964-70)
- Second-wave feminism spread from USA, esp influential among middle classes
- Several Women became political heavyweights (Castle, Williams, Hart)
- 1st National Women’s Liberation Conference in 1970 set demands for equal pay and free 24hr childcare
- 1970 Equal Pay Act
- 1970 Matrimonial Property Act
Shirley Williams, Judith Hart
1
What did the 1970 Equal Pay Act do?
Prevented discrimination in employment, between men and women
1
What did the 1970 Matrimonial Property Act do?
work of wife, whether in employment or at home, taken into account of divorce settlements
5
Describe continuity in female equality (1964-70)
- Idea of female domesticity remained strong in 60s
- 1945 election - 24 women MPs, still only 26 by 1970
- Loopholes in 1970 Equal Pay Act
- Women accounted for only 28% of students in higher edu in 1970
- Only 5% ever reached managerial posts
6
List examples of ‘moral attitudes’
- Sex and contraception
- Abortion
- Divorce reform
- Homosexual relations
- Drugs
- Law and Order