Topic 16 - Kinetics 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Two ways the rate determining step can be found?

A

Look for the slowest step in a reaction.
Look for the step that contains both species in the rate equations as reactants.

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2
Q

What does a zero order reaction for concentration against time look like?

A

Straight line with a negative gradient

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3
Q

What is the rate determining step?

A

The slowest step in a reaction

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4
Q

What pathway do tertiary halogenoalkanes undergo in nucleophilic substitution?

A

SN1 pathway

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5
Q

What pathway do primary halogenoalkanes undergo in nucleophilic substitution?

A

SN2 pathway

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6
Q

How many steps are involved in a SN2 mechanism and how many molecules are required?

A

1 step
2 molecules required

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7
Q

How many steps are involved in a SN1 mechanism and how many molecules are required?

A

2 steps
1 molecule required

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8
Q

What is the transition state in the SN2 pathway?

A

Where both carbon halogen bond and carbon hydroxyl bond are attached at the same time.

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9
Q

Why can’t tertiary halogenoalkanes react in the SN2 pathway?

A

Steric Hinderance - OH group is blocked by 3 carbon groups.

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10
Q

What happens to an acidic mixture when sodium hydrogencarbonate is added?

A

Stops reaction
By neutralising acid

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11
Q

What is a heterogeneous catalyst?

A

A catalyst that is in a different physical state to reactants.

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12
Q

What is a homogeneous catalyst?

A

A catalyst that is in the same physical state to reactants.

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13
Q

What is autocatalysis?

A

Where a product of a reaction also functions as a catalyst.

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14
Q

What is the continuous method when determining the order of a reaction?

A

Taking a sample of mixture and half life is determined.

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15
Q

What is the initial rates method when determining the order of a reaction?

A

Measure initial rate, plot a rate against concentration graph.
Use shape to determine what order

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16
Q

What is meant by activation energy?

A

The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur.

17
Q

Tungsten wire is a catalyst of the haber process.
Describe the stages in the catalytic decomposition of ammonia by tungsten.

A

Absorption of ammonia onto catalyst surface
Breaking of bonds in ammonia
Desorption of nitrogen and ammonia from surface of catalyst