17.6.1 - Organic Synthesis

Question 1

What are the reagents and conditions required to get from an alkene to an alkane?

Answer 1

H2
Nickel catalyst
150 degrees

Question 2

What are the reagents and conditions required to get from an alkane to a chloroalkane?

Answer 2

Cl2
UV light

Question 3

What are the reagents and conditions required to get from an chloroalkane to an alkene?

Answer 3

Heat with sodium hydroxide in ethanol.

Question 4

What are the reagents and conditions required to get from an alkene to a chloroalkane?

Answer 4

HCl
Room temperature and pressure.

Question 5

What are the reagents and conditions required to get from a chloroalkane to an alcohol?

Answer 5

Add sodium hydroxide

Question 6

What are the reagents and conditions required to get from an alcohol to a chloroalkane?

Answer 6

Concentrated HCl
Or PCl5

Question 7

What are the reagents and conditions required to get from a halogenoalkane to an amine?

Answer 7

Concentrated ammonia in ethanol.

Question 8

What are the reagents and conditons required to get from an alkene to a dihalogenoalkane?

Answer 8

Cl2
room temp

Question 9

What are the reagents and conditions required to get from a secondary alcohol to a ketone?

Answer 9

Reflux with acidified potassium dichromate.

Question 10

What are the reagents and conditions required to get from a primary alcohol to an aldehyde?

Answer 10

Reflux with acidified potassium dichromate.

Question 11

What reagents and conditions are required to get a ketone or aldehyde to a hydroxynitrile?

Answer 11

KCN and HCN

Question 12

What reagents and conditions are required to get an alcohol from an aldehyde or ketone?

Answer 12

lithium tetrahydridoaluminate in dry ether.

Question 13

What reagents and conditions are required to go from a nitrile to an amine?

Answer 13

lithium tetrahydridoaluminate in dry ether.

Question 14

What reagents and conditions are required to get a carboxylic acid from a nitrile?

Answer 14

Hydrochloric acid + heat

Question 15

What regents and conditions are required to get an ester from a carboxylic acid?

Answer 15

Alcohol
Heat
concentrated sulfuric acid

Question 16

What reagents and conditions are required to get a carboxylic acid from an ester?

Answer 16

Reflux with acid. or
Heat with water and acid catalyst or
Add sodium hydroxide

Question 17

What reagents and conditions are required to go from a carboxylic acid to an acyl chloride?

Answer 17

PCl5
Room temperature
anhydrous conditions

Question 18

What reagents are required to go from an acyl chloride to a carboxylic acid?

Answer 18

Water
room temperature

Question 19

What reagents are required to get an amide from an acyl chloride?

Answer 19

Add concentrated aqueous ammonia

Question 20

What reagents and conditions are required to go from a carboxylic acid to an aldehyde?

Answer 20

Lithium tetrahydridoaluminate in dry ether LiAlH4

Question 21

What are the reagents and conditions required to get a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde?

Answer 21

Reflux with acidified potassium dichromate

Question 22

What reagents and conditions are required to get a carboxylic acid from Grignards reagent?

Answer 22

Carbon dioxide then hydrolysed

Question 23

What are the reagents and conditions required to get a primary alcohol from Grignards reagent?

Answer 23

Methanal

Question 24

What is the reagent to get a secondary alcohol from Grignards reagent?

Answer 24

Aldehyde

Question 25

What is the reagent to get a tertiary alcohol from Grignards reagent?

Answer 25

A ketone

Question 26

How to convert a halogenoalkane to Grignards reagent?

Answer 26

Mg in dry ether

Question 27

What reagent is used to convert an alcohol to a chloroalkane?
What are the inorganic products?

Answer 27

PCl5

POCl3 and HCl