Topic 12 test Flashcards
How was Charles V connected to the Habsburg Empire?
His grandfather died so he became the ruler of the Hapsburg Empire
Explain the belief of the divine right of kings.
It was the belief that their authority came straight from God
How did Europeans of the 17th and 18th centuries romanticize the medieval period of nights and chivalry?
Spanish literature (Don Quixote)
Explain the four major points in the piece of Westphalia?
- The Holy Roman Empire is broken up and German states divide
- Netherlands and Sweden are independent of Spain
- France gains territory
How did Philip II of Spain influence the art of his era? (4 reasons)
- Made Spain the greatest power in Europe
- strengthened Catholic Church
- expanded Spanish influence
- gained financial support
Why did Russia, Prussia, and Austria join forces in 1772?
divided Poland among the three groups
What was Peter the Great’s ultimate goal with westernization in Russia?
Peter the great wanted to make Russia an ultimate power and strengthen the military by westernization
Explain the glorious revolution and how James the second was involved.
He was involved in the toleration act (This act enhanced religious toleration)
He was also the son of James the first
Why did Austria change alliances in the mid-1700s?
They began to lose land And they are afraid of Prussia’s dominance
List four characteristics of Britain’s constitutional government in the 1700s?
a constitutional government is a government whose powers defined and limited by law
- political parties (two parties, whigs & tories)
- The cabinet system
- Prime Minister
- oligarchy
What were the main beliefs of Thomas Hobbes?
state of nature, social contract
Thomas believed that people are evil and that they would kill if they were not governed correctly
List four rulers of this period who would be considered enlightenment monarchs
Catherine the Great, Fredrick the Great, Maria Theresa, Joseph II
Who was Adam Smith?
Adam Smith was a Scottish economist
Why is Adam Smith considered an enlightenment figure?
He created the free enterprise system that would shape productive economies today and also wrote wealth of nations
In what way did George III impact the British government?
He tries to bend parliament to his will.
He wanted to regain power but his policies were mostly disastrous. He caused the 13 colonies to become independent.
Explain the concept of popular sovereignty
The idea that all government power comes from the people
How did the storming of the Bastille spark the French Revolution?
Monarchy was overthrown and France becomes a Republic
Which group in France would have been most likely to support the reign of terror?
Sans - Culottes
Which group made up the second estate under France’s ancient regime?
the nobility
What battle was the turning point In the American Revolution?
Battle of Saratoga Because the French, Spanish, and Dutch join the Americans
How did France change under the National Assembly?
feudalism is abolished and French becomes a republic
How did the directory’s actions ultimately lead to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte?
The directory is weak and no one knows of Napoleon’s weakness because of sensory actions in the press
How did the Congress of Vienna try to limit French imperialism in Europe?
by strengthening bordering countries
How did British naval power affect the outcomes of the Napoleonic Wars?
The British Navy defeated Napoleon
Who crowned Napoleon emperor? why is this important?
Napoleon crowns himself and this is important because he sees his authority only.
Explain American colonists’ opinion on taxation
Americans felt that the parliament did not have the right to tax them since they were not represented by the parliament
What is the long parliament?
The parliament summoned by King Charles the first that lasted from 1640 to 1660
Why was Louie the 14th considered an absolute monarch
He was said to have answered only to God
