Bio final exam 1ST SEMESTER Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of life? (DON’T name them)

A

They tell you if something is alive or not

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2
Q

NAME the characteristics of life

A

Made of cells
Have DNA
Reproduce
Maintain Homeostasis
Response to stimuli
Evolve
Grow and Develop
Needs energy

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3
Q

What are atoms?

A

building blocks of life

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4
Q

NAME the three types of atoms.

A

Protons, neutrons and electrons

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5
Q

NAME the 3 types of bonds.

A

Covalent, hydrogen, ionic

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6
Q

What is the periodic table?

A

A table that arranges elements by their chemical properties

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7
Q

What are the four categories of macromolecules?

A

Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipid

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8
Q

List the properties of water.

A

Cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat, capillary action, surface tension

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9
Q

What are the differences between plant and animal cells?

A

Plant cells have a cell wall, central vacuole, and chloroplasts. Animals have lysosomes.

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10
Q

What organelles are responsible for cell transport?

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, vesicles, and cell wall

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11
Q

What does semi-permeable mean?

A

Semi-permeable or selectively permeable means the cell can control what enters or leaves

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12
Q

What is active transport?

A

Using energy to transport against a gradient, low to high.

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13
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Movement of water across a membrane through an aquaporin

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14
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Particles moving in a gradient across a membrane, high to low

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15
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Help with diffusion by utilizing a protein (channel or carrier) in the membrane

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16
Q

What is the difference between hypertonic and hypotonic?

A

Hypertonic the cell shrinks, hypotonic the cell swells and potentially burst

17
Q

What does it mean to be isotonic?

A

Balanced, equilibrium between the inside and outside of the cell

18
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place?

A

The chloroplast

19
Q

Where does cellular respiration take place?

A

Mitochondria

20
Q

Summarize glycolysis.

A

Glucose enters the cytoplasm and gets split into two pyruvate molecules. 2 ATP molecules are passed on but 4 ATP are made. The other 2 are used to fuel the process.

21
Q

What is DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

22
Q

What is DNA made of?

A

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen-containing base (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine)

23
Q

Why is DNA called the blueprint of life?

A

Contains the instructions needed for an organism to grow, develop, survive and reproduce.

24
Q

Name the organelles of the animal cell.

A

Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Lysosomes, Rough ER, Smooth ER, Golgi Body, Vacuoles

25
What do carbohydrates do?
They give you energy.
26
What do lipids do?
Provides cells with long term energy.
27
What do proteins do?
Provides cells with structure.
28
What do nucleic acids do?
Stores genetic information.