Bio final exam 1ST SEMESTER

Question 1

What are the characteristics of life? (DON’T name them)

Answer 1

They tell you if something is alive or not

Question 2

NAME the characteristics of life

Answer 2

Made of cells
Have DNA
Reproduce
Maintain Homeostasis
Response to stimuli
Evolve
Grow and Develop
Needs energy

Question 3

What are atoms?

Answer 3

building blocks of life

Question 4

NAME the three types of atoms.

Answer 4

Protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 5

NAME the 3 types of bonds.

Answer 5

Covalent, hydrogen, ionic

Question 6

What is the periodic table?

Answer 6

A table that arranges elements by their chemical properties

Question 7

What are the four categories of macromolecules?

Answer 7

Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipid

Question 8

List the properties of water.

Answer 8

Cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat, capillary action, surface tension

Question 9

What are the differences between plant and animal cells?

Answer 9

Plant cells have a cell wall, central vacuole, and chloroplasts. Animals have lysosomes.

Question 10

What organelles are responsible for cell transport?

Answer 10

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, vesicles, and cell wall

Question 11

What does semi-permeable mean?

Answer 11

Semi-permeable or selectively permeable means the cell can control what enters or leaves

Question 12

What is active transport?

Answer 12

Using energy to transport against a gradient, low to high.

Question 13

What is osmosis?

Answer 13

Movement of water across a membrane through an aquaporin

Question 14

What is diffusion?

Answer 14

Particles moving in a gradient across a membrane, high to low

Question 15

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 15

Help with diffusion by utilizing a protein (channel or carrier) in the membrane

Question 16

What is the difference between hypertonic and hypotonic?

Answer 16

Hypertonic the cell shrinks, hypotonic the cell swells and potentially burst

Question 17

What does it mean to be isotonic?

Answer 17

Balanced, equilibrium between the inside and outside of the cell

Question 18

Where does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 18

The chloroplast

Question 19

Where does cellular respiration take place?

Answer 19

Mitochondria

Question 20

Summarize glycolysis.

Answer 20

Glucose enters the cytoplasm and gets split into two pyruvate molecules. 2 ATP molecules are passed on but 4 ATP are made. The other 2 are used to fuel the process.

Question 21

What is DNA?

Answer 21

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 22

What is DNA made of?

Answer 22

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen-containing base (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine)

Question 23

Why is DNA called the blueprint of life?

Answer 23

Contains the instructions needed for an organism to grow, develop, survive and reproduce.

Question 24

Name the organelles of the animal cell.

Answer 24

Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Lysosomes, Rough ER, Smooth ER, Golgi Body, Vacuoles

Question 25

What do carbohydrates do?

Answer 25

They give you energy.

Question 26

What do lipids do?

Answer 26

Provides cells with long term energy.

Question 27

What do proteins do?

Answer 27

Provides cells with structure.

Question 28

What do nucleic acids do?

Answer 28

Stores genetic information.