Bio final exam 1ST SEMESTER Flashcards
What are the characteristics of life? (DON’T name them)
They tell you if something is alive or not
NAME the characteristics of life
Made of cells
Have DNA
Reproduce
Maintain Homeostasis
Response to stimuli
Evolve
Grow and Develop
Needs energy
What are atoms?
building blocks of life
NAME the three types of atoms.
Protons, neutrons and electrons
NAME the 3 types of bonds.
Covalent, hydrogen, ionic
What is the periodic table?
A table that arranges elements by their chemical properties
What are the four categories of macromolecules?
Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipid
List the properties of water.
Cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat, capillary action, surface tension
What are the differences between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall, central vacuole, and chloroplasts. Animals have lysosomes.
What organelles are responsible for cell transport?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, vesicles, and cell wall
What does semi-permeable mean?
Semi-permeable or selectively permeable means the cell can control what enters or leaves
What is active transport?
Using energy to transport against a gradient, low to high.
What is osmosis?
Movement of water across a membrane through an aquaporin
What is diffusion?
Particles moving in a gradient across a membrane, high to low
What is facilitated diffusion?
Help with diffusion by utilizing a protein (channel or carrier) in the membrane
What is the difference between hypertonic and hypotonic?
Hypertonic the cell shrinks, hypotonic the cell swells and potentially burst
What does it mean to be isotonic?
Balanced, equilibrium between the inside and outside of the cell
Where does photosynthesis take place?
The chloroplast
Where does cellular respiration take place?
Mitochondria
Summarize glycolysis.
Glucose enters the cytoplasm and gets split into two pyruvate molecules. 2 ATP molecules are passed on but 4 ATP are made. The other 2 are used to fuel the process.
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is DNA made of?
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen-containing base (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine)
Why is DNA called the blueprint of life?
Contains the instructions needed for an organism to grow, develop, survive and reproduce.
Name the organelles of the animal cell.
Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Lysosomes, Rough ER, Smooth ER, Golgi Body, Vacuoles
What do carbohydrates do?
They give you energy.
What do lipids do?
Provides cells with long term energy.
What do proteins do?
Provides cells with structure.
What do nucleic acids do?
Stores genetic information.
