Topic 12: Immune System - Types of Immunity - Specific Resistance

Question 1

What is specific resistance (immunity)?

Answer 1

• production of specific lymphocyte or antibody against recognized antigen

Question 2

What is an antigen (Ag)? (3)

Answer 2

• protein/polysaccharide
• recognized as foreign by immune system
  ex. parts of bacteria, viruses, pollen, parasites, transplants

Question 3

What is an antibodie (Ab)? (2)

Answer 3

• plasma protein (y globulin) matches a specific Ag
• produced by plasma cells

Question 4

What are the 2 components of the immune response? (2)

Answer 4

• phagocytes
• TH binds and is activated

Question 5

What do phagocytes do in the immune response?

Answer 5

• macrophages “eat” invader and display parts of it (Ag) on its surface

Question 6

What occurs in the immune response when helper T cells binds and activates?

Answer 6

1) proliferates
2) releases chemicals that activate cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs) and B cells

Question 7

What do CTLs do in the immune response?

Answer 7

• proliferate and directly destroy cells containing virus, cells altered by cancer, or transplanted organs
• AKA CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

Question 8

What do B cells do in immune response?

Answer 8

• proliferate and convert to plasma cells -> antibody
• AKA HUMORAL (ANTIBODY MEDIATED) IMMUNITY

Question 9

What characteristics do the memory B/T cells produced have? (2)

Answer 9

• long-lived
• permit rapid response on next encounter with same Ag

Question 10

What are two types of humoral immunity?

Answer 10

• active
• passive

Question 11

How long does active humoral immunity last? how about passive?

Answer 11

active - lasts years
passive - lasts weeks as long as antibody is present

Question 12

What occurs in active humoral immunity? (3)

Answer 12

body makes antibodies and memory B cells after:
- exposure to disease org = natural or
- injection with killed/inactivated disease org (vaccination) = artificial

Question 13

Give 2 types of passive humoral immunity and examples

Answer 13

1) natural - mother - fetus across placenta, milk
2) Artificially produced Ab (from person, animal, or monoclonal)

Question 14

Let’s say you are injected for passive humoral immunity. What occurs? (2)

Answer 14

• injected for tetanus, rabies, snake bite antivenins, Rh factor
• mops up antigen before it can trigger an immune response in a person
  in lecture, attaches to specific cells and eats them up like “hey, these are the bad guys”