Topic 11: Cardiovascular System - Blood - RBC Flashcards
What are the components of the blood?
- plasma
- formed elements
What are the components of plasma?
1) water (90.5%)
2) Proteins (7%)
3) Electrolytes (ions)
4) Other solutes
What is the role of water in plasma?
transport medium and carries heat
What are the proteins found in plasma and their percentages? (3)
1) albumins (58% of proteins)
2) Globulins (38%)
3) fibrinogens (4%)
What is the role of proteins in the plasma? (5)
1) produces osmotic pressure (especially albumins)
2) buffer pH (7.35-7.45) - keep it from changing
3) alpha and beta globulins transports lipids, metal ions, hormones
4) gamma globulins are antibodies
5) clot formation
What is the function of electrolytes (ions) in plasma? (2)
- membrane excitability
- buffers (HCO3-)
What are other solutes dissolved in plasma? (4)
- nutrients
- wastes
- gases
- hormones
What are the components of formed elements?
- RBC
- WBC
- Platelets
What are the functions of RBC? (3)
1) transports oxygen on iron of heme, and CO2 on globin
2) buffer - globin binds to H+ reversibly
3) Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) - important for CO2 transport in blood
What is hemoglobin composed of?
4 hemes and 4 globins (proteins)
how much iron per hemoglobin?
1 iron per heme, so 4 iron per hb
Hemoglobin is broken down by ___ into ___ and ____
- macrophages
- heme
- globin
What does heme do? (2)
1) iron removed and stored (liver, muscle, spleen)
2) from stores (or diet) - bone marrow cells make heme ->RBC
What is the non-iron portion of heme called? (2)
- bilirubin
- excreted in bile from liver
What is jaundice caused by? (4)
excess bilirubin in blood due to:
- excess RBC breakdown or
- liver dysfunction (neonates -> liver immature) or
- blockage of bile excretion
