Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Topic 1 (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Topic 1 (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What does the nervous system do?

A

monitors and responds quickly to changes in our internal and external enviornment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 4 main functions of the nervous system?

A

1) detect sensory info
2) analyze/process that info
3) make a decision
4) execute a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which Nervous system is outputs/inputs a part of

A

PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are some examples of sensory systems

A

vision, taste, smell, hearing, touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cell bodies in clusters in the CNS is called what?

A

nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cell bodies in clusters in the PNS is called the….

A

ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

t/f nuerons have long lifespans

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

t/f neurons divide regularly

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

t/f neurons use lots of glucose

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

t/f the brain is okay for a few seconds without glucose, it stores glycogen in the brain matter

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how much does the brain account for in the blood supply?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how much does the brain account for in the glucose?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Afferent pathways travel To the_______ from the ______

A

towards the CNS, from the PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Efferent or motor neurons travel from _____ to the _____

A

CNS to muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where are the cell bodies in Efferent or motor neurons?

A

cell bodies are in the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where are cell bodies in Afferent or sensory neurons?

A

always in ganglion outside CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Somatic=

A

voluntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Autonomic=

A

involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are interneurons?

A

99.98% of neurons

within CNS

usually inhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Shwann cells form myelin in the ____

A

PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Astrocytes

A

star shaped, most numerous

metabolic support and homeostasis of the neuron

needed for development and maintenance of the BBB (blood brain barrier)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Microglia

A

phagocytes, engulf invading microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

line the cavities of CNS and the spinal cord; cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

produce myelin sheaths in CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

_______ are important for tight junction formation and critical to the function of the BBB (Blood Brain Barrier)

A

astrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Why do we have a blood brain barrier?

A

1) controlled environment for neuron excitability
2) protection against INFECTIONS and EDEMA

27
Q

Why is delivering therapeutics into the brain hard?

A

because many drugs are polar

28
Q

What is MS

A

patches of myelin are destroyed in the brain and spinal cord

29
Q

what is alzheimer’s disease?

A

disruption of Blood Brain Barrier linked to pathological “plaques” and “tangles”

30
Q

t/f nervous system is rapid response communication

A

true

31
Q

Afferent=

A

sensory

32
Q

efferent=

A

motor output

33
Q

_______are important for the formation of tight junctions that make up the Blood brain Barrier

A

astrocytes- the most numerous

34
Q

BBB allows the brain to function in an isolated environment. this is important because……

A

it allows the brain to be seperate from the rest of the body. if your body is freaking out or sick, your brain is okay because it is protected by the BBB

35
Q

Gray matter

A

where neuron cell bodies are
40% of CNS
site of neuronal integration

36
Q

white matter

A

where millions of axons are running btw different part of CNS, in bundles of tracts
involved in rapid transmission
60% of CNS

white because its covered in myelination

37
Q

t/f white is on the outside of the brain because it needs to move throughout the brain

A

false

gray is on the outside of the brain

38
Q

What is the Cerebral Cortex?

A

gray regions that form exterior of the brain

39
Q

SAID MOVE

A

S: sensory
A: afferent
I: input
D: dorsal

M: motor
O:output
V: Ventral
E: efferent

40
Q

Sensory info from spinal cord to brain is carried by ______tracts

A

ascending

41
Q

t/f ascending and desceding tracts link the peripheral nerves to the brain

A

true

42
Q

What are the two types of nerve fibers?

A

1) cranial nerves (from brain

2) spinal nerve from brain via spinal cord

43
Q

what is a nerve?

A

grossly visible bundle of axonal processes

44
Q

what is a neuron?

A

single cell

part of a nerve

45
Q

Vagus Nerve

A

innervates skeletal muscles of pharynx and larynx and smooth muscle and glands of thorax and abdomen

transmits info from receptors in thorax and abdomen

46
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

47
Q

dermatome

A

sensory portion of skin

48
Q

mytome

A

motor portion of skin

49
Q

t/f spinal and sensory nerves are mixed. They both carry sensory and motor info

A

true

50
Q

Dorsal root

A

Contains sensory (afferent) fibers

51
Q

Ventral root

A

Contains motor (efferent) fibers.

No ganglia

Cell bodies are in gray matter of spinal cord

52
Q

What are reflexes?

A

Responses that don’t require a brain

Somatic or visceral

5 components:
① receptor
② Sensory neuron
③ interneuron
④ motor neuron
5 effector

53
Q

What are the 4 reflex circuit classification:

A

① spinal or cranial
② somatic or visceral
③ innate or conditioned
④ monosynaptic or polysynaptic

54
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Motor cortex

55
Q

Parietal

A

Sensory cortex

56
Q

Occipital]

A

Visual cortex

57
Q

Temporal

A

Auditory cortex

58
Q

How is sensory info sent from PNS to Cerebral Cortex?

A

1) info is sent across midline (integration cente)
2) fine senses cross the middle in the medulla
3) hits thalamus and synapses
4) sensations are perceived in primary somatic sensory info

59
Q

Homunculus

A

Diagram showing sensitivity in proportion to size

60
Q

T/f in somatic, there is one motor neuron that extends from the PNS to skeletal muscle

A

False.

Extends from the CNS not PNS

61
Q

How many neurons does the autonomic nervous system nave?

A

Chain of two neurons

62
Q

T/F conduction is faster in the ANS than somatic because of thinly or unmyleinated axons on postganglionic side

A

Conduction is slower in the ANS

63
Q

Paraympathetic has_

A

Physiology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions