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Physiology > Exam 3 Topic 1 Blood > Flashcards

Exam 3 Topic 1 Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Nutritional Anemia

A

Not enough iron or Folic acid

Iron is needed for Hb synthesis
Folic is needed for Thymine synthesis

Leads to lower RBC

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2
Q

Pernicious Anemia

A

Intrinsic Factor (IF) in stomach breaks down B12, parietal cells that produce IF are damaged

B12 is needed for thymine development

Autoimmune, ulcers and excessive alcohol can damage parietal cells preventing release of IF

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3
Q

Aplastic Anemia

A

Bone marrow does not produce enough blood cells

Marie Curie died from this

Kills progenitor cells

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4
Q

Renal anemia

A

Decreased production of RBC in the kidneys

Bone marrow is not stimulated to produce RBC

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5
Q

Hemolytic Anemia

A

Increased breakdown of RBC

From infections, malaria, autoimmune, hereditary( sickle cell anemia)

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6
Q

Hemorrhagic Anemia

A

Blood loss, menstruation, child birth

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7
Q

Polycythemia

A

Abnormally high RBC fix?=bleed replace with saline

Primary cause: increased RBC in bone
Secondary: increased Erythropoietin
Relative: decreased plasma volume (dehydration)

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8
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid cell free part of blood WITH COAGULATION CELLS
yellow bc of breakdown of RBC
55% of blood

Has Albumins, Globulins, Fibrinogen, used to treat Clotting Disorders

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9
Q

Serum

A

Liquid part of blood after coagulation, no Fibrinogen

Serum plasma-fibrinogen

Used for blood typing

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10
Q

Pre-Hepatic Jaundice

A

Before liver-excess hemolysis, overwhelms liver (malaria)

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11
Q

Death of a RBC process (heme route)

A

RBC
hemoglobin
heme
Iron (Fe++) {requires addition of transFerin)

or

unconj Bilirubin {requires addition of Albumin]

Blood
LIver

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12
Q

Death of a RBC process ( globin)

A

RBC
hemoglobin
Amino Acids
Blood
Liver

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13
Q

Iron broken down in Marcophages in spleen produces what

A

unconjugated billirubin

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14
Q

What do Hepatocytes in the liver do?

A

unconjugated billirubin is added to glucaronic acid and becomes conjugated bilirubin

(what makes urine yellow)

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15
Q

Hepatic Jaundice

A

increased conjugated and increased unconjugated billirubin

liver damage leads to compromised uptake and excretion

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16
Q

Post Hepatic Jaundice

A

after liver
bile duct obstruction and increased conjugated billirubin

17
Q

Low ________stimulates the kidneys to produce ________which stimulates RBC production in the bone marrow.

A

blood O2; erythropoietin
(EPO)

18
Q

Iron required for RBC production is stored in the _____ and transported by _______ in the blood

A

liver (iron +
apoferritin = ferritin)

19
Q

T/F Free Iron is Toxic

A

True!

20
Q

RBCs are broken down after _______ days.

______________is the heme group from hemoglobin with the iron removed.

In the liver, unconjugated bilirubin is bound to ___________to make ___________ __________, which moves to the small intestine for excretion.

A

~ 120 days.

Unconjugated bilirubin

glucaronic acid

conjugated bilirubin (soluble)

21
Q

Jaundice is epithelial yellowing due to ______________

A

hyperbilirubinema.

22
Q

Vascular Spasm (Step one in Blood Clotting)

A

localized vasoconstriction triggered by EPINEPHRINE

23
Q

Step two in Blood Clotting

A

Platelet Aggregation (activation)

have mitochondria and ER but NO NUCLEUS

24
Q

What prevents platelet activation in healthy vessels?

A

happy cells secrete NO (“no please don’t kill me!) and PGI2 (im just 12!)

also ADPase that stop activation

25
Q

Platelet Activation Steps

A

1) WIllebrand Factor (vWF) binds collagen and platelets together

2)Binding activates platelets increasing Vasoconstriction

3) platelets stimulate further aggregation by releasing ADP and thromboxane A (positive feedback loop)

26
Q

What is the third step for Blood clotting (hemostasis)

A

Coagulation Cascade

27
Q

Explain the Steps of the Coagulation Cascade

A

outside and inside stuff activate Factor X

Factor X Activates Thrombin

Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin mesh and activates Factor XIII

Factor XIII crosslinks the fibrin mesh (FORMS THE CLOT)

28
Q

What is Fibrinolysis

A

“destruction of fibrinogen”

29
Q

how is plasminogen (incorporated into the clot as it forms) turned into plasmin during fibrinolysis?

A

via tissue plasminogen activatior (t-PA)

released very slowly by damaged endothelial cells

30
Q

how is fibrin turned into fibrinogen in fibrinolysis?

A

via plasmin

31
Q

Von Willebrand disease

A

hereditary or acquired

platelet plug does not form

circulating vWF reduced for completely lacking

32
Q

Hemophilia

A

genetic-can’t get clotting factor

A: 80%, x-linked no factor VIII
B: 20% X-linked, no factor IX
C: rare, autsomal, no factor XI

33
Q

Thrombosis

A

blood clot forms in lower extremities

gamer kid syndrome

34
Q

Some examples of Anticoagulants

A

Warfarin(no vit K),
Heparin, (no thrombin, released by mast cell
Hirudin, no thrombin
Draculin, no factor IX or X

Physiology (14 decks)

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