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My bio: Core principles > Topic 1, biological molectles > Flashcards

Topic 1, biological molectles Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

colloids/ colloidal suspension

A

Molecules with strong intra molecular forces e.g proteins, but charged areas on surface. Attracts layer of water on surface so molecules remain dispersed.

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2
Q

importance of colloids/ colloidal suspension?

A

water molecules are weakly bonded to the molecule’s surface and cant leave its surface, helpful for the osmotic effect it creates

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3
Q

after how many 1-4 bonded molecules is there a branch (1-6) in amylopectin

A

25

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4
Q

Why is cellulose an excellent structural polysaccharide

A

The H bonds in the microfibrils make it resistant to water and enzyme hydrolysis

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5
Q

why is chitin stronger than cellulose

A

It is made of glucosamine. the presence of amino acids increases the H bonds

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6
Q

monounsaturated fatty acid

A

only one double carbon bond

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7
Q

polyunsaturated fatty acid

A

more than one carbon double bonds

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8
Q

trans fat?

A

H are bonded either side of the acid around the double carbon bond

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9
Q

sis fat?

A

H bonded to one side of the fatty acid around the carbon double bond

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10
Q

where are saturated fats and unsaturated found?

A

Saturated=animal fats, unsaturated=plant fats

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11
Q

LDL

A

Low Density Lipoprotein: transporting molecules, produced in the liver, increase incidence of atheromas in arteries, cause blockages, no O or C6H12O6 to heart

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12
Q

HDL

A

High Density Lipoproteins, remove cholesterol deposits “good”

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13
Q

Micelle?

A

Phospholipids form a droplet sphere with tails inwards and heard outwards when mixed with water

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14
Q

phospholipid bilayer

A

ring made of 2 layers of fatty acids trapping a compartment of water in the centre. Structure= liposome

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15
Q

Triose example

A

Glyceralderhyde

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16
Q

pentose example

A

ribose/ deoxyribose

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17
Q

Amino FG

A

Water soluble, acts as a weak base (accepts H+)

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18
Q

Carboxyl FG?

A

Water soluble, lightly polar, acts as an acid

19
Q

Phosphate FG

A

water soluble, acidic

20
Q

disease caused by atheromas

A

atherosclerosis

21
Q

amphipathic?

A

a molecule with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts

22
Q

How many essential amino acids

A

8- they cannot be made by the body

23
Q

Alpha bonds?

A

Points in the opposite direction of the oxygen linkage(down) Formed when the first saccharide is alpha

24
Q

beta bonds?

A

Points in the same direction as the oxygen linkage (up) Formed when the first saccharide is beta

25
Q

liquid triglycerides?

A

Unsaturated: kinks in tail at carbon to carbon double bond, cant pack closely, weaker forces of attraction
Shorter tail: weaker forces of attraction, less energy to break

26
Q

solid triglycerides?

A

Saturated: straight tails, pack closely, stronger forces of attraction
Longer tails: stronger forces of attraction

27
Q

most fluid cell membranes?

A

only unsaturated fats

28
Q

least fluid cell membranes?

A

only saturated fats

29
Q

use of Mg2+ in plants and animals?

A

Component of chlorophyll, used for photosynthesis
Component in bones in animals

30
Q

Uses of iron ions in animals?

A

Component of haemoglobin, transports oxygen in red blood cells
Lack of iron leads to anaemia

31
Q

Uses of PO4^3- in animals and plants?

A

Making nucleotides, component of phospholipids found in plasma membrane

32
Q

Uses of calcium in plants and animals?

A

Is a component of cell wall in plants, providing strength
Is a structural component of bones and teeth in animals

33
Q

cohesion?

A

The attraction of water molecules for each other because of the polar structure, producing H bonds between molecules

34
Q

waters max density?

A

4 degree Celsius

35
Q

Where?:
Maltose, sucrose, lactose

A

In germinating seeds, transported through the phloem of flowering plants, in mammals’ milk

36
Q

Reducing sugars?

A

Sugars that can donate an electron: monosaccharides+ maltose

37
Q

Cellulose in relation to the cell wall?

A

Cellulose microfibrils are held in bundles called fibres, fibres run parallel within a layer but at an angle to adjacent layers in the cell wall. = strong and permeable

38
Q

what is chitin made of

A

heteropolysaccharides

39
Q

waxes?

A

lipids and melt over 45°c, have a waterproofing role e.g waxy cuticle and insect exoskeleton

40
Q

zwitterion?

A

amino acid at pH 7 since it has both a pos and neg charge

41
Q

Condensation reaction?

A

Joining two molecules creating a chemical bond and removing a water molecule

42
Q

Hydrolysis reaction?

A

Breaks a chemical bond between two molecules involving chemical addition of water

43
Q

Key properties of water

A

Metabolite, universal solvent, high SHC, hight LHV, strong cohesion

My bio: Core principles (12 decks)

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