nucleic acids

Question 1

What type of molecule is DNA

Answer 1

A nucleic acid

Question 2

what does DNA stand for

Answer 2

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

what does RNA stand for

Answer 3

ribonucleic acid

Question 4

how many types of nucleic acid are there and what are they

Answer 4

2, DNA and RNA

Question 5

Functions of DNA

Answer 5

Codes for the specific sequence of amino acids in a protein
Replication in dividing cells

Question 6

function of RNA

Answer 6

used in protein synthesis

Question 7

what is the monomer that nucleic acids are made from

Answer 7

nucleotides

Question 8

Components of nucleotides

Answer 8

Phosphate, pentose sugar, nitrigenous base

Question 9

what sugar does DNA contain

Answer 9

deoxyribose

Question 10

what sugar does RNA have

Answer 10

ribose

Question 11

Names of nitrogenous bases

Answer 11

Adenine, Thymine
Guanine, Cytosine

Question 12

What are the two categories of nitrogenous bases

Answer 12

purines and pyramidines

Question 13

Which bases are pyramidines

Answer 13

Thymine, Cytosine, Urasil (T and C have a ‘y’ like pyramidines)

Question 14

Which bases are purines

Answer 14

Adenine, Guanine

Question 15

which is the only type of nucleic acid that urasil is found in

Answer 15

RNA

Question 16

Which bases pair up (complementary base pairs)?

Answer 16

Adenine and thymine
Guanine and cytosine
Tigers Are Great Cats

Question 17

How many H bonds between A and T

Answer 17

2

Question 18

how many H bonds between C and G

Answer 18

3

Question 19

What is the main characteristic of purines

Answer 19

they have 2 rings, pyramidines have 1

Question 20

structure of molecule of DNA

Answer 20

double stranded helix of anti parallel stands attached by H bonds between bases

Question 21

By what reaction is a nucleic acid formed

Answer 21

condensation reaction

Question 22

What structure do pentose sugar with phosphate form

Answer 22

sugar phosphate backbone

Question 23

What structure do pentose sugar with phosphate form

Answer 23

sugar phosphate backbone

Question 24

anti parallel strands meaning

Answer 24

two strands with one running in the opposite direction to the other

Question 25

what makes DNA molecule so stable

Answer 25

anti parallel strands joined by H bonds between bases

Question 26

How can the direction of strands in DNA be described

Answer 26

One strand runs 5’-3’ based on the number of the carbon atom exposed at the top and bottom of the strand. The other is 3’-5’

Question 27

how is 3’ said

Answer 27

3 prime

Question 28

size of DNA

Answer 28

Large: macromolecule, made of a long chain of nucleotides

Question 29

what type of bonds are between sugar and phosphate group

Answer 29

covalent bonds- very strong

Question 30

Describe the process of replication of DNA

Answer 30

The 2 DNA strands unwind from the helix shape and seperate
Each parental strand serves as a template
Free DNA nucleotides bind to the template strands
Results in 2 double stranded DNA molecules in the nucleus so when the cell divides each new nucleus contains DNA identical to the original

Question 31

During which phase of the cell cycle does replication occur

Answer 31

inter phase (just before cell division)

Question 32

Enzyme that breaks down H bonds between complementary base pairs in DNA replication? ‘unzipping enzyme’

Answer 32

DNA helicase

Question 33

Enzyme that adds appropriate nucleotides to make each strand a new partner? ‘glueing enzyme’

Answer 33

DNA polymerase

Question 34

Another name for DNA replication

Answer 34

Semi conservative replication

Question 35

Explain semi conservative replication

Answer 35

Each daughter DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one new strand