Protein synthesis: transcription and translation

Question 1

Three forms of RNA

Answer 1

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 2

function of messenger RNA

Answer 2

transcribed instructions in DNA and carries these to ribosome, a complementary copy of gene

Question 3

function of ribosomal RNA

Answer 3

Composes the ribosome

Question 4

function of transfer RNA

Answer 4

Carries amino acids to the ribosome

Question 5

what nitrogenous base replaces thymine on RNA

Answer 5

Uracil

Question 6

what is mRNA

Answer 6

single stranded molecule which is a complementary copy of a gene formed into a helix

Question 7

three nucleotides are called..

Answer 7

a codon

Question 8

how many amino acids does one codon code for

Answer 8

1

Question 9

what is a gene

Answer 9

length of DNA that codes for the specific sequence of amino acids in a single polypeptide

Question 10

describe the process of transcription

Answer 10

The 2 strands in the DNA are separated
Free complementary RNA nucleotides form mRNA
mRNA separateS from the template DNA strand

Question 11

What enzyme breaks H bonds between strands to separate them

Answer 11

DNA helicase

Question 12

which enzyme binds to the template DNA strand to then build the mRNA

Answer 12

RNA polymerase

Question 13

in what directions long the strand does RNA polymerase build a new mRNA strand

Answer 13

5’ to 3’

Question 14

structure of rRNA

Answer 14

Long, large complex molecule made up of double and single helicies

Question 15

structure of tRNA

Answer 15

small single stranded molecule which forms a clover leaf shape. One end contains bases CCA: where amino acid attaches
Other end has a series of 3 bases called the anticodon

Question 16

Through which molecules does DNA exert control ove the cell

Answer 16

General proteins, since they make up structures
Enzymes, since they control the reactions that take place
Overall these determine they type of cell and its function

Question 17

genetic code?

Answer 17

sequence of bases in DNA