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My bio: Core principles > ATP structure > Flashcards

ATP structure Flashcards

1
Q

what are photoautotrophs

A

organism that uses light energy to make complex organic molecules, food

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2
Q

What are autotrophs

A

convert other forms of energy into chemical energy

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3
Q

what are heterotrophs

A

organisms that derive chemical energy from food

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4
Q

Cells’ usable source of energy?

A

ATP

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5
Q

what does ATP stand for

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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6
Q

What type of molecule is ATP

A

a nucleotide

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7
Q

What does ADP stand for

A

Adenosine diphosphate

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8
Q

where in a molecule is energy stored

A

In the bonds: breaking bonds releases energy

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9
Q

What is ATP

A

A nucleotide, its hydrolysis makes energy available and it is formed when chemical reactions release energy. An immediate source

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10
Q

components of ATP

A

Adenine (nitrogenous base), three inorganic phosphate groups, ribose

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11
Q

How can inorganic phosphate be represented

A

Pi

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12
Q

During which process is ATP produced and how

A

During respiration: Chemical addition of a Pi to ADP

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13
Q

what enzyme catalysis the condensation reaction to produce ATP

A

ATP synthase

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14
Q

what enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP back into ADP and Pi

A

ATPase

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15
Q

Which bond is hydrolysed when breaking down ATP

A

The bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group

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16
Q

What is the purpose of breaking ATP down into ADP

A

To release energy for cellular processes

17
Q

How much energy is released in the hydrolysis/ required for the condensation of a mole of ATP

A

30.6kJ

18
Q

Name for a reaction that releases energy

A

exergonic

19
Q

Name for a reaction that takes in energy

A

endergonic

20
Q

What is the addition of a Pi to different compounds called

A

phosphorylation

21
Q

Comparable points between ATP and glucose x7

A

Number of enzymes required to release energy
The number of steps in the hydrolysis
How quick the energy is released
The amount of energy released at once
Transport around the cell
Pass out of the cell?
Phosphorylation?

22
Q

Examples of processes ATP provides energy for

A

Active transport
Movement- muscle contraction
Nerve transmission- sodium potassium pump across axon membrane
Secretion
Metabolic processes

23
Q

Why is ATP described as an immediate energy source

A

Only one bond needs to be hydrolysed to release energy

24
Q

What is the perpose of phosphorylation and examples

A

Make the molecule more reactive (more energy) e.g in active transport, to glucose at the start of respiration, ADP to ATP, nerve transmission

25
Q

In what quantities is energy released by ATP

A

Small manageable amount

26
Q

What is the benefit of ATP releasing small amounts of energy at a time

A

Cells dont overheat from wasted hear energy, cells are less likely to run out of resources

27
Q

How do both ATP and glucose travel around the cell

A

In solution in the cytoplasm, can move around the cell easily

28
Q

How many hydrolysis reactions does glucose require to release all its energy

A

several

29
Q

Why cant ATP pass out of the cell

A

Cant diffuse out, no carriers or channel that can move it
Cell have a constant supply of ATP/ ADP+ Pi

30
Q

what is the name for adenine and ribose together

A

adenosine

31
Q

why is ATP called the universal energy currency

A

it is used to provide energy for all biochemical reactions in all living organisms

32
Q

chemoautotrophs

A

Convert energy from oxidation of electron donors e.g H2
Some bacteria and archaea

33
Q

photoautotrophs

A

Convert light energy in photosynthesis

34
Q

How do organisms mainly store energys

A

bonds in carbs and lipids

35
Q

is ATP an energy store

A

no, we only have 5g in the body but use 50kg daily

36
Q

what are chemoautotrophs

A

Organisms that use chemical energy to make complex organic molecules

My bio: Core principles (14 decks)

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