ATP structure Flashcards
what are photoautotrophs
organism that uses light energy to make complex organic molecules, food
What are autotrophs
convert other forms of energy into chemical energy
what are heterotrophs
organisms that derive chemical energy from food
Cells’ usable source of energy?
ATP
what does ATP stand for
Adenosine triphosphate
What type of molecule is ATP
a nucleotide
What does ADP stand for
Adenosine diphosphate
where in a molecule is energy stored
In the bonds: breaking bonds releases energy
What is ATP
A nucleotide, its hydrolysis makes energy available and it is formed when chemical reactions release energy. An immediate source
components of ATP
Adenine (nitrogenous base), three inorganic phosphate groups, ribose
How can inorganic phosphate be represented
Pi
During which process is ATP produced and how
During respiration: Chemical addition of a Pi to ADP
what enzyme catalysis the condensation reaction to produce ATP
ATP synthase
what enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP back into ADP and Pi
ATPase
Which bond is hydrolysed when breaking down ATP
The bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group
What is the purpose of breaking ATP down into ADP
To release energy for cellular processes
How much energy is released in the hydrolysis/ required for the condensation of a mole of ATP
30.6kJ
Name for a reaction that releases energy
exergonic
Name for a reaction that takes in energy
endergonic
What is the addition of a Pi to different compounds called
phosphorylation
Comparable points between ATP and glucose x7
Number of enzymes required to release energy
The number of steps in the hydrolysis
How quick the energy is released
The amount of energy released at once
Transport around the cell
Pass out of the cell?
Phosphorylation?
Examples of processes ATP provides energy for
Active transport
Movement- muscle contraction
Nerve transmission- sodium potassium pump across axon membrane
Secretion
Metabolic processes
Why is ATP described as an immediate energy source
Only one bond needs to be hydrolysed to release energy
What is the perpose of phosphorylation and examples
Make the molecule more reactive (more energy) e.g in active transport, to glucose at the start of respiration, ADP to ATP, nerve transmission
In what quantities is energy released by ATP
Small manageable amount
What is the benefit of ATP releasing small amounts of energy at a time
Cells dont overheat from wasted hear energy, cells are less likely to run out of resources
How do both ATP and glucose travel around the cell
In solution in the cytoplasm, can move around the cell easily
How many hydrolysis reactions does glucose require to release all its energy
several
Why cant ATP pass out of the cell
Cant diffuse out, no carriers or channel that can move it
Cell have a constant supply of ATP/ ADP+ Pi
what is the name for adenine and ribose together
adenosine
why is ATP called the universal energy currency
it is used to provide energy for all biochemical reactions in all living organisms
chemoautotrophs
Convert energy from oxidation of electron donors e.g H2
Some bacteria and archaea
photoautotrophs
Convert light energy in photosynthesis
How do organisms mainly store energys
bonds in carbs and lipids
is ATP an energy store
no, we only have 5g in the body but use 50kg daily
what are chemoautotrophs
Organisms that use chemical energy to make complex organic molecules
