Levels of organisation, tissues Flashcards
Differentiation definition?
The development of a cell into a specific type
What are the features that come with specialisation?
Specialised in structure and chemical reactions they can perform
Examples of mamillian tissues?
Muscular, epithelial, connective
Structure of epithelial tissue?
A continuous layer, covering/lining external/internal surfaces of the body. No blood vessels but may have nerve endings. Sit on basement membrane
Components of basement membrane?
Collagen and protein
Typical function of epithelial tissue?
Protective or secretory
Simplest epithelial?
Simple cuboidal epithelial
Where is simple cuboidal epithelial found?
Proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney nephron and ducts of salivary glands
Structure of simple cuboidal epithelial tissue
Single layer of cube shaped cells with large central nuclei
Columnar epithelium structure?
Elongated cells. Can be cilliated
Location of ciliated columnar epithelium?
Oviduct and trachea since substances need to be moved through them
Structure of squamous epithelium?
Flattened cells on basement membrane
Location of squamous epithelium
Walls of the alveoli and line the renal (Bowman’s) capsule of the nephron
3 types of muscular tissue?
Skeletal, cardiac and smooth
Structure of skeletal muscle?
Long cells joined together to form fibres, striated (striped)
Strongest muscle type?
Long bands of cells give powerful contractions in skeletal muscle but the muscle tires easily
Which are the voluntary muscles?
Skeletal
Which are the voluntary muscles?
Skeletal
Structure of smooth muscle?
Individual spindle shaped cells, unstriated muscle
Motion of smooth muscle?
Contracts rhythmically
Is smooth muscle voluntary?
No, they cannot be controlled
Location of smooth muscle?
Skin, walls of blood vessels, digestive and respiratory tracks
Structure of cardiac muscles?
Striated, branched network. Cells attach their ends to adjoining fibres by thick plasma membranes called intercalated discs
Motion of cardiac muscle?
Contract rhythmically without stimulation from nerves or hormones, though these can modify contractions. Doesnt tire
Connective tissue function
Support, separate or connect tissues and organs
Structure of connective tissue?
Contains elastic fibres and collagen fibres in an extracellular fluid/matrix. Between fibres are adiopcytes and cells of the immune system
Adipocytes?
Fat storing cells
Tissue?
Group of cells working together with a common function structure and origin in the embryo
Organ
Group of tissues in a structural unit, working together and performing a specific function.
function of squamous tissue
A lining tissue: covers surface of organs, cavities and tubes. Thin for exchange
