Topic 1

Question 1

prokaryotes

Answer 1

single- celled, no nucleus, bacteria

Question 2

eukaryotes

Answer 2

animals, larger, have nucleus

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

controls activity of cell, contains genetic material

Question 4

cytoplasm

Answer 4

most of chemical reactions happen here, gel like substance

Question 5

cell membrane

Answer 5

controls what enters a leave the cell

Question 6

mitochondria

Answer 6

site of respiration

Question 7

ribosomes

Answer 7

translation of genetic material and synthesis of protein

Question 8

cell wall

Answer 8

supports structure

Question 9

plasmid DNA

Answer 9

extra DNA

Question 10

large vacuole

Answer 10

internal pressure suppourt

Question 11

flagellum

Answer 11

long tail like structure that helps the cell move around e.g. away from toxins and towards nutrients/ oxygen

Question 12

chromosonal DNA

Answer 12

controls cell’s replication and activity, one long strand

Question 13

egg cell adaptations

Answer 13

• haploid nucleus
• the cytoplasm contains nutrients for the embryo
• the membrane changes shape after fertilisation to prevent more sperm entering so the correct amount of DNA

Question 14

sperm cell adaptations

Answer 14

• haploid nucleus
• acrosome stores enzymes that are needed to digest the membrane of the egg cell
• many mitochondria in middle for energy so it can move distances to the egg cell

Question 15

ciliated epithelia cell

Answer 15

ciliated cells line the surface of organs
sometimes they contain cilia on the top surface of the cell
these cilia sweep in one direction
sweep mucus away from lungs

Question 16

effect of temperature on rate of reaction

Answer 16

if the enzyme gets too hot the bonds will break so the active site changes shape and the substrates wont fit anymore. We say the enzyme is denatured

Question 17

starch

Answer 17

amalyse -> maltose/ sugar

Question 18

lipids

Answer 18

lipase -> fatty acids/ glycerol

Question 19

protein

Answer 19

protease -> amino acids

Question 20

osmosis

Answer 20

the net movement of water particles through a partially permeable membrane from a high concentration of water to a low concentration of water

Question 21

diffusion

Answer 21

teh movment of particles from a high concentration low a low concenyartion

Question 22

active transport

Answer 22

the movment of particles aginst the concentrational gradient by using energy from respiration

Question 23

electron vs light microscope

Answer 23

• better resolution
• higher magnification
  cant view live cells
  not portable
  expensive

Question 24

magnification

Answer 24

image size/ real size

Question 25

total magnification

Answer 25

eyepiece lens times objective lens ( 10, 40)

Question 26

viewing plant cell

Answer 26

onion cell used
peel thin layer so light can go through
use stain ( iodine ) to see intermolecular bodies

Question 27

viewing animal cell

Answer 27

swab cheek cell
use stain (methodyne blue)
cover with cover slip

Question 28

benedict’s reagent

Answer 28

blue to brick red
checks sugars
add to sample and heat in a water bath
the higher the concentration of the reducing sugar, the further the colour change

Question 29

test for starch

Answer 29

iodine
yellow/orange to blue black

Question 30

test for lipids

Answer 30

shake with ethanol
precipitate will form as milky emulsion
teh more lipids teh more concentrated teh emulsion

Question 31

test for protein

Answer 31

add few drops of potassium hydroxide to make the solution alkaline
add copper II sulfate
blue to purple

Question 32

energy in food

Answer 32

food that will burn easily
light until it doesn’t relight

Question 33

energy in food equation

Answer 33

mass of water times temp chnage times 4.2

Question 34

bacteria has no

Answer 34

nucleus

Question 35

found in

amalayse

Answer 35

saliva, pancreas

Question 36

Explain why amylase is not produced in the stomach.

Answer 36

very acidic as tehres a low PH
denatures the enzyme
chmages teh shape of active site