tophats Flashcards
Macy’s department store was interested in Americans’ perception of their customer service, so the department store surveyed only those customers shopping at Penn Square Mall in Oklahoma City. What is the primary problem with this study?
a
They are not assigning participants to experimental and control groups.
b
They are not using naturalistic observation.
c
They are not using a double-blind design.
d
They are not selecting a representative sample.
d
Dr. Ratcliff is interested in studying the effects of hunger on aggressive behavior in rats. To balance his groups, he assigns rats based on their fur color to two different feeding conditions. Lighter rats are fed 100% of typical calorie intake (well-fed condition) and darker rats are placed in a deprived feeding condition (50% of typical calorie intake). Lab assistants who are unaware of what diets the rats have been fed make careful observations of the rats’ aggressive behavior. Based on what you’ve learned about in this chapter, what might Dr. Ratcliff do to MOST improve his design?
a
First measure food intake in lighter rats only to establish a dietary baseline
b
Allow rats to eat as much as they like and then see if those who eat more show more aggression
c
Randomly assign rats to feeding conditions regardless of their fur color
d
Use another control condition of rats of a different color who can eat as much as they like
c
Anjali attempted to control for the age of children that she recruited to participate in her study to make sure that all of them had learned about multiplication before they took the math assessment in her study. Anjali was attempting to control for ________ variables.
a
operational
b
control
c
dependent
d
confounding
d
Neither the experimenter nor the participants knew to which condition/group they were randomly assigned. This does not meet the requirements for a double-blind study.
T or F
False
Spot the confounder:
A new, fast-acting drug to cure schizophrenia has been developed
and needs to be tested. Thirty diagnosed schizophrenics
volunteer to be participants.
* Fifteen of these volunteers are randomly assigned to receive the
drug; the remaining 15 patients comprise a comparison group
that does not receive the drug.
* After a week all patients in the experiment are given a test to
measure their level of schizophrenia.
the control did not get the drug which is not equal to the experimental group
Dr. Terry is conducting an experiment to determine the impact of feedback on eighth graders’ performance on algebra problems. He randomly assigns some participants to his control condition/group, in which the children complete the problems without feedback, and he assigns some children to his treatment condition/group, in which the children do receive feedback after completing each problem. Dr. Terry also decides to equate children in both groups based on their performance on a test of whole number division.
What type of experimental methodology is Dr. Terry using?
a
independent groups design
b
correlational design
c
a survey
d
an observational design
a
Boys were assigned to the Control Group and girls to the
Experimental Group.
* Children from each group went to separate rooms, where
they were exposed to their respective conditions.
* Two days later, the generalization probe was conducted.
* The mean score for the Control Group was 1.2 and the mean
score for the Experimental Group was 3.4.
What is the threat to internal validity?
gender differences and the type of videos being shown
Children were randomly assignment to condition.
* Children from each group went to separate rooms, where they were exposed
to their respective conditions.
* Immediately afterwards, while walking back to their regular classroom, all the
children in the Control Group saw the confederate laughing with their school
principal.
* Two days later, the Generalization Probe was conducted.
* The mean score for children in the Control Group was 1.2 and the mean score
for children in the Experimental Group was 3.4.
What is the threat to internal validity?
seeing the stranger was friendly is confound and the type of video being shown
Children were randomly assignment to condition.
* Children from each group went to separate rooms, where they were
exposed to their respective conditions.
* Two days later, the Generalization Probe was conducted.
* All Control Group children were tested first, then all the Experimental
Group children. In the beginning, the person rating the children hid
indoors and observed the interactions through an open window; later,
he discovered he could see and hear better by hiding outside and
peeking around a corner.
What is the threat to internal validity?
video and measure used (how the the experimenter measured)
Repeated-measures designs are also called between-subjects designs.
T or F
F
When different participants are randomly assigned to a Meditation condition and another group of participants are randomly assigned to an Exercise condition, this is an example of a repeated measures design.
T or F
F
A researcher wants to understand which of three methods of studying is more effective:
Method 1. Just reading the textbook
Method 2. Reading the textbook and taking notes
Method 3. Reading the textbook and practicing with questions.
If the researcher wants to have 20 participants in each condition, how many participants should be recruited for an independent samples design and for a repeated measures
60 and 20
Samantha was asked to recall 10 words after looking at pictures. Then she was asked to recall the same words after looking at the spellings of those words for five seconds each. She was better able to remember the words when she was asked to recall them the second time.
what type of order effect is this
practice effect
Sarina was asked to cycle for 45 minutes and after that her heart rate was measured. Then immediately she was asked to cycle for 15 more minutes and her heart rate was measured again.
what type of order effect is this?
fatigue
A participant may be asked to count backwards in front of an audience by 3’s starting from the number 9,642. This typically increases their stress level. Then, if they were asked to take a difficult math test, they might feel even more anxious. This could be an example of a carryover effect.
T or F
True
