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Practical 2 > Tone > Flashcards

Tone Flashcards

1
Q

What is muscle tone

A

Resistance when a joint is moved passively

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2
Q

What is postural tone

A

The background level of activity of tone thought the body

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3
Q

What effects tone?

A 
Extent and site of lesion
Pain  ⬆️
Tiredness⬇️
Medication, nutrition ⬆️⬇️
Other pathologies ⬇️
Oedema 
Anxiety, depression, frustration⬆️
Therapeutic handling
Temperature 
Noise⬆️
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4
Q

How to treat high tone:

Environment:
Therapists approach:
Base of support:
Centre of gravity:
Handling:
Support:
Speed:
A 
Environment: warm, quiet, relaxing 
Therapists approach: quiet, calming 
Base of support: large 
Centre of gravity: low 
Handling: lots, slow, calming 
Support: lots
Speed: slow
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5
Q

How to treat low tone:

Environment:
Therapists approach:
Base of support:
Centre of gravity:
Handling:
Support:
Speed:
A 
Environment: stimulating, cool
Therapists approach: fun, loud, firm 
Base of support: small 
Centre of gravity: high 
Handling: brisk, stimulating 
Support: minimal 
Speed: fast
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6
Q

Characteristics of high tone are:

A

Hypertonicity
Spasticity
Rigidity

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7
Q

Characteristics of low tone are:

A

Hypotonicity
Flaccidity
Ataxia

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8
Q

What is hypotonicity

A

Lack of resistance to passive movement

Floppy arm

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9
Q

What is spasticity

A

Increase in resistance to passive movement

Upper limb: flexor characteristics
Lower limb: extensor characteristics

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10
Q

What is rigidity

A

Increased stiffness thought passive movement

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11
Q

What is ataxia

A

Loss of full control of body movements, incoordination

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12
Q

What is flaccidity

A

Loosely hanging

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13
Q

Abnormal tone results in:

A 
Abnormal postures
Impaired balance
Loss of normal movement 
Poor coordination 
Abnormal movement patterns 
Loss of functional ability 
Secondary msk problems
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14
Q

How would you assess tone?

A

Observation:
-movement: does tone change?
- posture: symmetry, alignment, muscle activity, compensations
Palpation/handling - PROM
Special tests - reflexes, ROM, muscle strength

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15
Q

How do you record abnormal tone

A

Tone diagram
Modified Ashworth scale: complete ROM and grade:
0 = no increase in tone
1= some resistance + catch
3= considerable increase in tone throughout ROM
4= affected part(s) rigid in flex/ext
Muscle strength

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16
Q

What is the management of abnormal tone

A 
Maintain soft tissue length
Maintain joint alignment
Prevent muscle shortening
Regain muscle length 
Regain muscle alignment

By

PROM
Positioning
Massage

17
Q

What are the two types of muscle tone?

A

Muscle tone

Postural tone

Practical 2 (27 decks)

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