Posture Flashcards
What is the sequence in balance?
Sensory input > central processing > motor input
What does sensory input feedback on?
- Position of self (vestibular system)
- Position of body segments (pressure receptors, muscle spindle, vision)
- Nature of supporting surface e.g uneven, unstable
What makes up the central processing stage?
Cerebellum, thalamus, cortex, spinal cord
What is involved in the motor output stage?
Prime movers, synergies, fixators
What are muscle spindles sensitive to?
Changes in length of muscle
Intrafusal fibres
Parallel with extrafusal fibres
What are Golgi tendons sensitive to?
Changes in tension of the tendon
In the tendons
Within extrafusal fibres
What are cutaneous mechanoreceptors important for?
Motor control
What discs are sensitive to direct pressure?
Merckels
What are sensitive to cutaneous stretch?
Ruffini endings - useful for hand movements
What are pacinian corpuscles sensitive to?
Changing stimuli to a wide area
What are outcome measures to measure balance?
Berg balance scale
Timed up and go test
Timed unsupportive steady sit/stand
Functional reach test
How do you train balance?
Assess problem- sensation, coordination or strength?
Help loss of senses e.g. Vision- give glasses
Train strength and power of muscles
Practice tasks for motor commands
Practice coordination
Allow patient to make mistakes
Begin slowly
Make it specific to task wanting to achieve
Feedback or feedforward?
What do you need to consider?
Practice Context - practice in similar environment Instructions Attention Feedback Motivation Manual guidance low Start slow
Consequences of poor balance:
Falls
What do you need to check if someone is falling often?
Gait problems Vertigo Parkinson's Drug use Walking AIDS Modification of task
