Togavirus

Question 1

Togaviruses are strongly resistant to the environmental conditions

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Togaviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The clinical appearance of togavirus infection is dose dependent

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Togaviruses cause airborne infection

Answer 4

False

Question 5

Togaviruses cause encephalomyelitis in horses in East-Asia and in Australia only

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Several togaviruses are zoonotic agents

Answer 6

True

Question 7

No vaccines are available against togaviruses

Answer 7

False

Question 8

Horse encephalomyelitis viruses are transmitted by ticks

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Abortion is the main clinical sign of togavirus infection results in abortion of horses

Answer 9

False

Question 10

The leading clinical sign of togavirus infection is the frothy nasal discharge

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Togavirus infection in horses results in hepatitis

Answer 11

False

Question 12

In the geographic distribution of equine togavirus migratory birds have an important role

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Rodents serve as reservoirs for the Western equine encephalomyelitis virus

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Rodents serve as reservoirs for Venezuelan horse encephalomyelitis virus

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause asymptomatic infections

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Horses encephalomyelitis vaccines defend against African horse sickness (cross protection)

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Horse encephalomyelitis viruses are transmitted by ticks

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Birds serve as reservoirs for the Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause lameness in horses

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Birds serve as reservoirs for Venezuelan horse encephalomyelitis virus

Answer 21

False

Question 22

Western equine encephalitis causes the highest mortality

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Equine encephalitis can be diagnosed easily by gross pathology

Answer 23

False

Question 24

In Venezuelan horse encephalitis enteric symptoms can be observed too

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Recovery from equine horse encephalitis induces immunity that lasts only 1 year

Answer 25

False

Question 26

Equine encephalitis vaccines are available only for humans

Answer 26

False

Question 27

An early sign of Eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infects only horses

Answer 28

False

Question 29

Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of equine encephalomyelitis viruses

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Equine encephalomyelitis can cause abortion in human

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Wild birds are involved in the transmission cycle of eastern equine encephalomyelitis

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Ticks are involved in the transmission cycle of EEE

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Viral equine encephalomyelitis is usually diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs

Answer 33

False

Question 34

In endemic countries vaccines are available against equine viral encephalomyelitis

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Some strains of Venezuelan horse encephalitis virus can be transmitted from horse to other hosts

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Vaccination of horses in the Americas is used to prevent togavirus infections

Answer 36

True

Question 37

The Equine encephalitis virus may cause abortion

Answer 37

True

Question 38

The Eastern Equine Encephalitis is present in Japan and Korea

Answer 38

False

Question 39

Mosquitoes are the principal vectors of the Western Equine encephalitis

Answer 39

True

Question 40

No characteristic gross pathology lesions are seen in Equine encephalitis caused by Togaviruses.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Eastern, Western and Venezuelan Equine encephalitis viruses are zoonotic agents

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horses occurs frequently worldwide

Answer 42

False

Question 43

The host range of horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses is wide

Answer 43

True

Question 44

American horse encephalomyelitis most frequently cause clinical signs is birds, horses and humans

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Humans are not susceptible to horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses

Answer 45

False

Question 46

American horse encephalomyelitis viruses represent several types and subtypes

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Vectors of American horse encephalomyelitis Togaviruses are mosquitoes

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Main means of control of American borse encephalomyelitis are mosquito control and vaccines

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Vaccines cannot be used to prevent Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horse

Answer 49

False

Question 50

An early sign of Eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Mainly ticks are the vectors of Equine encephalomyelitis viruses

Answer 51

False

Question 52

Serological cross-reactions are seen between certain encephalomyelitis viruses

Answer 52

True

Question 53

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses cause disease in horse populations worldwide

Answer 53

False

Question 54

Equine encephalomyelitis outbreaks are usually emerging in summer or rainy seasons

Answer 54

True

Question 55

After recovery from acute viral encephalomyelitis permanent lesions may remain in horses

Answer 55

True

Question 56

The equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic agents

Answer 56

True

Question 57

Togavirus infections can unambiguously be diagnosed based on clinical signs and pathology

Answer 57

False

Question 58

In Europe vaccination of horses against equine encephalomyelitis is compulsory

Answer 58

False

Question 59

Togavirus infection results in abortion of horses

Answer 59

False

Question 60

Horse encephalitis occurs only in America

Answer 60

False

Question 61

Chikungunya virus causes joint pains, fever, rash and haemorrhages in humans

Answer 61

True

Question 62

Chikungunya virus is transmitted by the Asian tiger mosquito

Answer 62

True