Togavirus Flashcards
Togaviruses are strongly resistant to the environmental conditions
False
Togaviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes
True
The clinical appearance of togavirus infection is dose dependent
True
Togaviruses cause airborne infection
False
Togaviruses cause encephalomyelitis in horses in East-Asia and in Australia only
False
Several togaviruses are zoonotic agents
True
No vaccines are available against togaviruses
False
Horse encephalomyelitis viruses are transmitted by ticks
False
Abortion is the main clinical sign of togavirus infection results in abortion of horses
False
The leading clinical sign of togavirus infection is the frothy nasal discharge
False
Togavirus infection in horses results in hepatitis
False
In the geographic distribution of equine togavirus migratory birds have an important role
True
Rodents serve as reservoirs for the Western equine encephalomyelitis virus
True
Rodents serve as reservoirs for Venezuelan horse encephalomyelitis virus
True
Equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic
True
Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause asymptomatic infections
True
Horses encephalomyelitis vaccines defend against African horse sickness (cross protection)
False
Horse encephalomyelitis viruses are transmitted by ticks
False
Birds serve as reservoirs for the Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus
True
Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause lameness in horses
True
Birds serve as reservoirs for Venezuelan horse encephalomyelitis virus
False
Western equine encephalitis causes the highest mortality
False
Equine encephalitis can be diagnosed easily by gross pathology
False
In Venezuelan horse encephalitis enteric symptoms can be observed too
True
Recovery from equine horse encephalitis induces immunity that lasts only 1 year
False
Equine encephalitis vaccines are available only for humans
False
An early sign of Eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever
True
Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infects only horses
False
Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of equine encephalomyelitis viruses
True
Equine encephalomyelitis can cause abortion in human
True
Wild birds are involved in the transmission cycle of eastern equine encephalomyelitis
True
Ticks are involved in the transmission cycle of EEE
False
Viral equine encephalomyelitis is usually diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs
False
In endemic countries vaccines are available against equine viral encephalomyelitis
True
Some strains of Venezuelan horse encephalitis virus can be transmitted from horse to other
hosts
True
Vaccination of horses in the Americas is used to prevent togavirus infections
True
The Equine encephalitis virus may cause abortion
True
The Eastern Equine Encephalitis is present in Japan and Korea
False
Mosquitoes are the principal vectors of the Western Equine encephalitis
True
No characteristic gross pathology lesions are seen in Equine encephalitis caused by
Togaviruses.
True
Eastern, Western and Venezuelan Equine encephalitis viruses are zoonotic agents
True
Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horses occurs frequently worldwide
False
The host range of horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses is wide
True
American horse encephalomyelitis most frequently cause clinical signs is birds, horses and
humans
True
Humans are not susceptible to horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses
False
American horse encephalomyelitis viruses represent several types and subtypes
True
Vectors of American horse encephalomyelitis Togaviruses are mosquitoes
True
Main means of control of American borse encephalomyelitis are mosquito control and
vaccines
True
Vaccines cannot be used to prevent Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horse
False
An early sign of Eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever
True
Mainly ticks are the vectors of Equine encephalomyelitis viruses
False
Serological cross-reactions are seen between certain encephalomyelitis viruses
True
Equine encephalomyelitis viruses cause disease in horse populations worldwide
False
Equine encephalomyelitis outbreaks are usually emerging in summer or rainy seasons
True
After recovery from acute viral encephalomyelitis permanent lesions may remain in horses
True
The equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic agents
True
Togavirus infections can unambiguously be diagnosed based on clinical signs and pathology
False
In Europe vaccination of horses against equine encephalomyelitis is compulsory
False
Togavirus infection results in abortion of horses
False
Horse encephalitis occurs only in America
False
Chikungunya virus causes joint pains, fever, rash and haemorrhages in humans
True
Chikungunya virus is transmitted by the Asian tiger mosquito
True