Retrovirus Flashcards by Deleted Deleted

Retroviruses are frequently carried lifelong

True

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Retroviruses carry an integrase enzyme

True

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Malignant transformation of host cells is a typical effect of several retroviruses

True

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Retroviruses are enveloped, their resistance is low

True

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The reverse transcriptase transforms DNA of the retroviruses to mRNA

False

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Retroviruses are stable viruses; genetic changes are rare

False

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Retroviruses are euryxemic agents

False

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Retroviruses are frequently carried lifelong

True

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Retroviruses are generally host specific viruses

True

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Mutation of retroviruses is very rare

False

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Immunosuppression is a typical effect of several retroviruses

True

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Retroviruses can integrate into the genome of host cells

True

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Reverse transcriptase is an important enzyme of retroviruses

True

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Retroviruses results in lifelong infection

True

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Retroviruses replicate mainly in the endothelial cells

False

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Several retroviruses can cause malignant transformation in the hosts

True

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Retroviruses are generally species specific

True

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Retroviruses are generally resistant, they can survive in the environment for several weeks

False

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Retroviruses frequently cause permanent infection

True

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Retroviruses are generally stable viruses, mutations are very rare

False

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Retrovirus has weak resistance

True

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Retrovirus has a wide host spectrum

False

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Retrovirus has a good immunogenicity

True

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Retrovirus infection is long-lasting

True

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Retroviruses show high host specificity

True

Retroviruses are generally not carried for more than a month

False

Retroviruses generally cannot survive in the environment for a long time

True

Retroviruses are enveloped viruses

True

Retroviruses transcribe their nucleic acid to DNA

True

Frequent genetic changes of retroviruses are common

True

Retroviruses carry reverse transcriptase enzyme

True

Retroviruses generally cause long, frequently life-long infection

True

Retroviruses are generally genetically very stable

False

The resistance of retroviruses is generally good, they survive in the environment well

False

Reverse transcriptase is produced by retroviruses

True

The nucleic acid of retroviruses can be integrated into the genome of the host cell

True

Retroviruses frequently cause immune suppression

True

Retroviruses are enveloped viruses

True

The host range of retroviruses is generally narrow

True

Reverse transcriptase converts RNA of retroviruses into DNA

True

Retroviruses are generally very stable viruses, mutations are exceptional in them

False

Retroviruses are generally shed in infected lymphoid cells

True

Certain retroviruses can cause proliferation of the lymphoid cells

True

Retroviruses spread with infected lymphocytes

True

Retroviruses have a tegument or rind

False

You cannot multiply retrovirus artificially

False

Retroviruses can incorporate into the genome

True

Retroviruses cannot spread from animal to animal

False

Retroviruses are widely distributed in Hungary

True

Retroviruses replicate mainly in endothelium cell

False

Retrovirus can replicate without helper retroviruses

True

Retroviruses can integrate the cellular genome

True

The resistance of retroviruses is low, they cannot survive in the environment for a long time

True

Retroviruses are generally good antigens

True

Retroviruses have own metabolic enzymes

True

Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected 1-4 months after infection

True

Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected only for 1-2 months after infection

False

Maternal Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected only for 1-2 months

False

Lymphosarcoma can be seen postmortem in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis

True

Generation shift is the only way of eradication of enzootic bovine leukosis

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus does not spread from animal to animal

False

Mild clinical signs can be seen in the incubation phase of enzootic bovine leukosis

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is not shed in the colostrum

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with blood

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can spread from cattle to sheep, goats , and other ruminants

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has uniform antigenic structure

True

In the case of Enzootic bovine leukosis the clinical signs appear at the age of 6-8 months

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis is carried lifelong

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted in tracheal discharge

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis occurs only in Holstein Friesian cattles

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can infect foetuses of pregnant animals

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has several serotypes and subtypes

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by air within the herd

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by the veterinarian

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot result tumour formation

False

Serological examinations cannot be used to the diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis

False

Immune tolerance can happen in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis

True

Selection cannot be used for eradication of enzootic bovine

False

Bovine enzootic leukosis infect only bovine

False

Bovine enzootic leukosis does not spread with excretion

False

Bovine enzootic leukosis spreads slow in the herd

True

Bovine enzootic leukosis can be transmitted by blood

True

Bovine leukosis virus can give lifelong carriers

True

Bovine leukosis virus causes seropositivity in latency period

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis the pre-tumour phase usually in 6-10 months old animals

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis during pre-tumour phase causes lymphocytosis

True

Bovine enzootic leukosis virus can be transmitted with lymphoid cells

True

Iatrogenic infection is frequent in the epidemiology of bovine enzootic leukosis

True

The target cells of the bovine enzootic leukosis virus are the T-lymphocytes

False

The typical signs of bovine enzootic leukosis can be seen in cattle under 1 year of age

False

Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the ELISA test

True

Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the milk

True

Selection (test and slaughter) method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis virus

False

Generation shift method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis virus

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is spreading horizontally in a cattle herd

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot infect foetuses

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is passed to newborn calves mainly with colostrum in endemically infected herds

False

By the end of the incubation phase the animals become seropositive leukosis virus

True

Tumours can be seen in about 90% of the animals infected with enzootic bovine leukosis virus

False

Antibodies in the milk against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected with ELISA

True

Tumours caused by enzootic leukosis virus generally appear at the age of 6 months

False

The infection with enzootic leukosis virus is detected by AGP and ELISA

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is zoonotic

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is shed in lymphoid cells

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot cause intrauterine infection

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is spreading slowly in the herd

True

The target cells of enzootic bovine leukosis virus are the B lymphocytes

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is not shed by the infected animals

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with organic infection

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with per os infection

True

Clinical signs of enzootic bovine leukosis are seen mainly in 6-8-month-old calves

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has several serotypes and subtypes

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by air within the herd

True

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can not result in tumour formation

False

Immune tolerance can happen in the case of enzootic bovine leucosis

True

During incubation phase of bovine enzootic leucosis the animal become seropositive

True

The tumours in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis can be seen from the age of 6 months

False

PCR is used for the detection of bovine enzootic leucosis in immunotolerant calves

True

Bovine enzootic leucosis can be eradicated with selection

True

Bovine enzootic leucosis virus has several serotypes

False

There is no horizontal spread in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis

False

There is genetic predisposition in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis

True

Enzootic bovine leucosis occurs in all ruminant species

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can infect cattle, pigs and horses

False

Iatrogenic infection can be important in the transmission of enzootic bovine leukosis virus

True

Enzootic bovine leucosis is spreading very fast in infected herds

False

Enzootic bovine leucosis virus can infect the foetus

True

Enzootic bovine leucosis only infects cattle

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis occurs only in Holstein-Frisian cattle, other cattle races are resistant

False

Enzootic bovine leukosis has low resistance; it cannot retain its infectivity for a long time in environment

True

The most severe clinical signs of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be seen in lambs younger than 6 months

False

Antibodies of animals infected with ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be detected with ELISA

False

Adenocarcinoma can be seen postmortem in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

True

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is transmitted with tracheal discharge

True

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be transmitted with contaminated objects to other farms

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can infect sheep, goats, and cattle

The most severe clinical signs of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be seen in lambs younger than 6 months

Shedding large amount of nasal discharge is a typical clinical sign of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus replicates in lymphoid cells and causes viraemia

Metastasis are rare in the case of Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis occurs only in South Africa

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus has no onc-gen..

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis is prevented with inactivated vaccines

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis spreads with nasal discharge

The primary replication site of OPA is in the mucosal cells of the intestines

Metastasis are frequently seen in parenchymal in the case of OPA

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is found in 2-4 months old lambs

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is replicating in the epithelium of the airways

Tumours can frequently be seen in the liver and the spleen in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be complicated by Pasteurella and Mannheimia strains

In the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis lesions are common in the liver

Ovine pulmonary andenomatosis can be diagnosed by detecting antibodies with ELISA

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus causes interstitial pneumonia

Lung adenomatosis causes usually dry cough

Lung adenomatosis causes a lot of metastasis

Metastasis are rare in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis has no antibody production

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus results in malignant transformation of macrophages

Europe is free from ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

No antibodies to ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be detected in infected animals

Faces of infected animals contain large amount of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus

Tumour transformation of the epithelial cells happens in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

Jaagsiekte affects lambs of 3-6 months

Jaagsiekte virus can transform human cells

Jaagsiekte is only present in Africa

Jaagsiekte causes metastatic abscess formation all over the body

Feline leukosis virus will be shed lifelong by infected cats

There are no vaccines for the prevention of feline leukosis

FOCMA antigen is a typical surface antigen of feline leukosis viruses

Feline leukosis virus can only be transmitted with saliva

Cats remain infected with feline leukosis virus lifelong

Feline leukosis is maintained by persistently infected cats

Feline leukosis virus can be transmitted by direct contact

Feline leukosis virus can cause horizontal and vertical infection

Vaccination of only seronegative cats is responsible against feline leukosis

Immunotolerant kittens can be born in the case of feline leukosis

Feline Leukosis can be eliminated in some cats

There are several subgroups of feline leukosis virus

Feline leukosis virus can cause immune tolerance

Feline sarcomatosis virus is a recombinant virus from feline leukosis virus and host DNA

Feline leukosis virus is uniform

In the saliva of cats is a high-titer of FeLV

FeLV spreads horizontally and vertically

Persistent infected cats maintain the infection

Feline leukosis virus can cause protective immunity

In Feline leukosis, anaemia is an important sign

Cat leukosis virus can be diagnosed with PCR

There is no vaccine against Feline leukosis virus

Feline leukosis can infect dogs and cats

Asymptomatic infection cannot happen in the case of Feline leukosis

Feline leukosis virus is immunosuppressive

Feline leukosis virus is frequently spread with saliva

Feline leukosis virus can infect dogs, cats and wild living carnivorous animals

Feline leukosis is a very rare disease

Feline sarcomatosis is a defect virus

Feline leukosis can cross the placenta

FeLV is a uniform virus

Infection with feline leukosis virus always appears in clinical signs

Feline leukosis virus is spreading by discharge of the infected animal

Persistently infected cats can shed the feline leukosis virus in high titres

Saliva of the animal contains large amount of the feline leukosis virus

Feline leucosis spreads by direct contact

Feline immunodeficiency virus causes persistent infection

Feline immunodeficiency virus is widespread

Feline immunodeficiency virus in cat could be asymptomatic

Feline immunodeficiency virus is spread by excretes

Feline immunodeficiency virus develops in 3 phases

Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of avian leukosis

Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of avian leukosis

Avian leukosis viruses have several subgroups

Tumours in the liver can be seen in the case of avian leukosis

Avian leukosis viruses cause horizontal infection

J subtype of avian leukosis virus is more virulent than the other ones

Avian leukosis can be diagnosed by detecting COFAL antigen

Lymphoid leukosis is the most frequent clinical form of avian leukosis

Avian leukosis viruses cause germinative infection

All avian leukosis viruses are oncogenic

Avian leukosis viruses have several subgroups

Avian leukosis viruses a resistant, they can survive in the bedding for several weeks

Avian leukosis causes the malignant transformation of B lymphocytes

Avian leukosis virus occurs only in tropical and subtropical countries

Avian leukosis virus can cause only lymphoid leukosis

Avian leukosis viruses can cause malignant transformation in different tissues

Germinative infection is an important way of transmission of avian leukosis virus

Clinical signs of avian leukosis can be seen typically in broiler chicken

Osteopetrosis can be a clinical form of avian leukosis

Avian Leukosis virus is uniform

Every avian leukosis viruses is oncogenic

Avian leukosis virus cannot infect by germinative way

Avian leukosis virus infects B lymphocytes

Infection of poultry herds with avian leukosis virus is widespread

Clinical signs of avian leukosis generally appear in day old chicken

Lymphoid leukosis is the most frequent form of avian leukosis

The main way of prevention of avian leukosis is vaccination using attenuated strains

Avian leukosis viruses are shed in the faeces

There is no germinative infection in the case of avian leukosis viruses

The target cells of the avian leukosis viruses are the B lymphocytes

There are several subgroups of avian leukosis viruses

All avian leukosis viruses cause malignant transformation of the host cells

In a flock infected with avian leukosis virus generally 50-60% of the animals have tumours

Detection of COFAL antigen is a frequent way of diagnosis of avian leukosis

Avian leukosis is seen during the first week of life in chicken

There are resistant lines to avian leukosis

Proportion of the animals with tumours is low, 1-4% in the case of avian leukosis

Inactivated vaccines are widely used in order to prevent avian leukosis

Tumours can be seen in different parenchymal organs in the case of avian leukosis

T-lymphocytes are the target cell of the avian leukosis virus

Avian leucosis and sarcoma infections are very common

Avian leucosis can be caused by different retroviruses

Congenital transmission of avian leucosis results in immune tolerance

Reticuloendotheliosis is caused by J type of avian leukosis virus

Germinative infection can happen in the case of Reticuloendotheliosis

Reticuloendotheliosis virus is shed in the faces

Reticuloendotheliosis virus can cause germinative infection

Stunted growth is a clinical sign of reticuloendotheliosis

Reticuloendotheliosis is prevented by vaccination of the parent animals

Immunosuppression is common in the case of Reticuloendotheliosis

Retardation is a clinical sign of Reticuloendotheliosis

Wide vaccination is used to prevent Reticuloendotheliosis

In the case of reticuloendotheliosis immunotolerant chicken can be hatched

Pneumonia is a typical lesion of reticuloendotheliosis

In the case of reticuloendotheliosis tumors can be found in the parenchymal organs

Avian reticuloendotheliosis may be similar in appearance to Marek ś disease