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EPI 1 > Retrovirus > Flashcards

Retrovirus Flashcards

1
Q

Retroviruses are frequently carried lifelong

A

True

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2
Q

Retroviruses carry an integrase enzyme

A

True

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3
Q

Malignant transformation of host cells is a typical effect of several retroviruses

A

True

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4
Q

Retroviruses are enveloped, their resistance is low

A

True

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5
Q

The reverse transcriptase transforms DNA of the retroviruses to mRNA

A

False

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6
Q

Retroviruses are stable viruses; genetic changes are rare

A

False

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7
Q

Retroviruses are euryxemic agents

A

False

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8
Q

Retroviruses are frequently carried lifelong

A

True

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9
Q

Retroviruses are generally host specific viruses

A

True

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10
Q

Mutation of retroviruses is very rare

A

False

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11
Q

Immunosuppression is a typical effect of several retroviruses

A

True

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12
Q

Retroviruses can integrate into the genome of host cells

A

True

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13
Q

Reverse transcriptase is an important enzyme of retroviruses

A

True

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14
Q

Retroviruses results in lifelong infection

A

True

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15
Q

Retroviruses replicate mainly in the endothelial cells

A

False

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16
Q

Several retroviruses can cause malignant transformation in the hosts

A

True

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17
Q

Retroviruses are generally species specific

A

True

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18
Q

Retroviruses are generally resistant, they can survive in the environment for several weeks

A

False

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19
Q

Retroviruses frequently cause permanent infection

A

True

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20
Q

Retroviruses are generally stable viruses, mutations are very rare

A

False

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21
Q

Retrovirus has weak resistance

A

True

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22
Q

Retrovirus has a wide host spectrum

A

False

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23
Q

Retrovirus has a good immunogenicity

A

True

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24
Q

Retrovirus infection is long-lasting

A

True

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25
Q

Retroviruses show high host specificity

A

True

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26
Q

Retroviruses are generally not carried for more than a month

A

False

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27
Q

Retroviruses generally cannot survive in the environment for a long time

A

True

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28
Q

Retroviruses are enveloped viruses

A

True

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29
Q

Retroviruses transcribe their nucleic acid to DNA

A

True

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30
Q

Frequent genetic changes of retroviruses are common

A

True

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31
Q

Retroviruses carry reverse transcriptase enzyme

A

True

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32
Q

Retroviruses generally cause long, frequently life-long infection

A

True

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33
Q

Retroviruses are generally genetically very stable

A

False

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34
Q

The resistance of retroviruses is generally good, they survive in the environment well

A

False

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35
Q

Reverse transcriptase is produced by retroviruses

A

True

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36
Q

The nucleic acid of retroviruses can be integrated into the genome of the host cell

A

True

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37
Q

Retroviruses frequently cause immune suppression

A

True

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38
Q

Retroviruses are enveloped viruses

A

True

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39
Q

The host range of retroviruses is generally narrow

A

True

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40
Q

Reverse transcriptase converts RNA of retroviruses into DNA

A

True

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41
Q

Retroviruses are generally very stable viruses, mutations are exceptional in them

A

False

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42
Q

Retroviruses are generally shed in infected lymphoid cells

A

True

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43
Q

Certain retroviruses can cause proliferation of the lymphoid cells

A

True

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44
Q

Retroviruses spread with infected lymphocytes

A

True

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45
Q

Retroviruses have a tegument or rind

A

False

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46
Q

You cannot multiply retrovirus artificially

A

False

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47
Q

Retroviruses can incorporate into the genome

A

True

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48
Q

Retroviruses cannot spread from animal to animal

A

False

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49
Q

Retroviruses are widely distributed in Hungary

A

True

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50
Q

Retroviruses replicate mainly in endothelium cell

A

False

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51
Q

Retrovirus can replicate without helper retroviruses

A

True

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52
Q

Retroviruses can integrate the cellular genome

A

True

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53
Q

The resistance of retroviruses is low, they cannot survive in the environment for a long time

A

True

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54
Q

Retroviruses are generally good antigens

A

True

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55
Q

Retroviruses have own metabolic enzymes

A

True

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56
Q

Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected 1-4 months after infection

A

True

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57
Q

Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected only for 1-2 months after
infection

A

False

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58
Q

Maternal Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected only for 1-2
months

A

False

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59
Q

Lymphosarcoma can be seen postmortem in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis

A

True

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60
Q

Generation shift is the only way of eradication of enzootic bovine leukosis

A

False

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61
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus does not spread from animal to animal

A

False

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62
Q

Mild clinical signs can be seen in the incubation phase of enzootic bovine leukosis

A

False

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63
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is not shed in the colostrum

A

False

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64
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with blood

A

True

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65
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can spread from cattle to sheep, goats , and other ruminants

A

False

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66
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has uniform antigenic structure

A

True

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67
Q

In the case of Enzootic bovine leukosis the clinical signs appear at the age of 6-8 months

A

False

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68
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis is carried lifelong

A

True

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69
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted in tracheal discharge

A

True

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70
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis occurs only in Holstein Friesian cattles

A

False

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71
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can infect foetuses of pregnant animals

A

True

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72
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has several serotypes and subtypes

A

False

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73
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by air within the herd

A

True

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74
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by the veterinarian

A

True

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75
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot result tumour formation

A

False

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76
Q

Serological examinations cannot be used to the diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis

A

False

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77
Q

Immune tolerance can happen in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis

A

True

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78
Q

Selection cannot be used for eradication of enzootic bovine

A

False

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79
Q

Bovine enzootic leukosis infect only bovine

A

False

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80
Q

Bovine enzootic leukosis does not spread with excretion

A

False

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81
Q

Bovine enzootic leukosis spreads slow in the herd

A

True

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82
Q

Bovine enzootic leukosis can be transmitted by blood

A

True

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83
Q

Bovine leukosis virus can give lifelong carriers

A

True

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84
Q

Bovine leukosis virus causes seropositivity in latency period

A

True

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85
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis the pre-tumour phase usually in 6-10 months old animals

A

False

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86
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis during pre-tumour phase causes lymphocytosis

A

True

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87
Q

Bovine enzootic leukosis virus can be transmitted with lymphoid cells

A

True

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88
Q

Iatrogenic infection is frequent in the epidemiology of bovine enzootic leukosis

A

True

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89
Q

The target cells of the bovine enzootic leukosis virus are the T-lymphocytes

A

False

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90
Q

The typical signs of bovine enzootic leukosis can be seen in cattle under 1 year of age

A

False

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91
Q

Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the ELISA test

A

True

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92
Q

Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the milk

A

True

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93
Q

Selection (test and slaughter) method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis
virus

A

False

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94
Q

Generation shift method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis virus

A

False

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95
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is spreading horizontally in a cattle herd

A

True

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96
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot infect foetuses

A

False

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97
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is passed to newborn calves mainly with colostrum in
endemically infected herds

A

False

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98
Q

By the end of the incubation phase the animals become seropositive leukosis virus

A

True

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99
Q

Tumours can be seen in about 90% of the animals infected with enzootic bovine leukosis
virus

A

False

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100
Q

Antibodies in the milk against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected with ELISA

A

True

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101
Q

Tumours caused by enzootic leukosis virus generally appear at the age of 6 months

A

False

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102
Q

The infection with enzootic leukosis virus is detected by AGP and ELISA

A

True

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103
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is zoonotic

A

False

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104
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is shed in lymphoid cells

A

True

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105
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot cause intrauterine infection

A

False

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106
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is spreading slowly in the herd

A

True

107
Q

The target cells of enzootic bovine leukosis virus are the B lymphocytes

A

True

108
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is not shed by the infected animals

A

False

109
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with organic infection

A

True

110
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with per os infection

A

True

111
Q

Clinical signs of enzootic bovine leukosis are seen mainly in 6-8-month-old calves

A

False

112
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has several serotypes and subtypes

A

False

113
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by air within the herd

A

True

114
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can not result in tumour formation

A

False

115
Q

Immune tolerance can happen in the case of enzootic bovine leucosis

A

True

116
Q

During incubation phase of bovine enzootic leucosis the animal become seropositive

A

True

117
Q

The tumours in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis can be seen from the age of 6 months

A

False

118
Q

PCR is used for the detection of bovine enzootic leucosis in immunotolerant calves

A

True

119
Q

Bovine enzootic leucosis can be eradicated with selection

A

True

120
Q

Bovine enzootic leucosis virus has several serotypes

A

False

121
Q

There is no horizontal spread in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis

A

False

122
Q

There is genetic predisposition in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis

A

True

123
Q

Enzootic bovine leucosis occurs in all ruminant species

A

False

124
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can infect cattle, pigs and horses

A

False

125
Q

Iatrogenic infection can be important in the transmission of enzootic bovine leukosis virus

A

True

126
Q

Enzootic bovine leucosis is spreading very fast in infected herds

A

False

127
Q

Enzootic bovine leucosis virus can infect the foetus

A

True

128
Q

Enzootic bovine leucosis only infects cattle

A

False

129
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis occurs only in Holstein-Frisian cattle, other cattle races are resistant

A

False

130
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis has low resistance; it cannot retain its infectivity for a long time in environment

A

True

131
Q

The most severe clinical signs of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be seen in lambs younger than 6 months

A

False

132
Q

Antibodies of animals infected with ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be detected
with ELISA

A

False

133
Q

Adenocarcinoma can be seen postmortem in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

A

True

134
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is transmitted with tracheal discharge

A

True

135
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be transmitted with contaminated objects to other farms

A

F

136
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can infect sheep, goats, and cattle

A

F

137
Q

The most severe clinical signs of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be seen in lambs
younger than 6 months

A

F

138
Q

Shedding large amount of nasal discharge is a typical clinical sign of ovine pulmonary
adenomatosis

A

T

139
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus replicates in lymphoid cells and causes viraemia

A

F

140
Q

Metastasis are rare in the case of Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis

A

T

141
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis occurs only in South Africa

A

F

142
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus has no onc-gen..

A

T

143
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis is prevented with inactivated vaccines

A

F

144
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis spreads with nasal discharge

A

T

145
Q

The primary replication site of OPA is in the mucosal cells of the intestines

A

F

146
Q

Metastasis are frequently seen in parenchymal in the case of OPA

A

F

147
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is found in 2-4 months old lambs

A

F

148
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is replicating in the epithelium of the airways

A

T

149
Q

Tumours can frequently be seen in the liver and the spleen in the case of ovine pulmonary
adenomatosis

A

F

150
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be complicated by Pasteurella and Mannheimia strains

A

T

151
Q

In the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis lesions are common in the liver

A

F

152
Q

Ovine pulmonary andenomatosis can be diagnosed by detecting antibodies with ELISA

A

F

153
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus causes interstitial pneumonia

A

F

154
Q

Lung adenomatosis causes usually dry cough

A

F

155
Q

Lung adenomatosis causes a lot of metastasis

A

F

156
Q

Metastasis are rare in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

A

T

157
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis has no antibody production

A

T

158
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus results in malignant transformation of macrophages

A

F

159
Q

Europe is free from ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

A

F

160
Q

No antibodies to ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be detected in infected animals

A

T

161
Q

Faces of infected animals contain large amount of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus

A

F

162
Q

Tumour transformation of the epithelial cells happens in the case of ovine pulmonary
adenomatosis

A

T

163
Q

Jaagsiekte affects lambs of 3-6 months

A

F

164
Q

Jaagsiekte virus can transform human cells

A

F

165
Q

Jaagsiekte is only present in Africa

A

F

166
Q

Jaagsiekte causes metastatic abscess formation all over the body

A

F

167
Q

Feline leukosis virus will be shed lifelong by infected cats

A

F

168
Q

There are no vaccines for the prevention of feline leukosis

A

F

169
Q

FOCMA antigen is a typical surface antigen of feline leukosis viruses

A

T

170
Q

Feline leukosis virus can only be transmitted with saliva

A

F

171
Q

Cats remain infected with feline leukosis virus lifelong

A

F

172
Q

Feline leukosis is maintained by persistently infected cats

A

T

173
Q

Feline leukosis virus can be transmitted by direct contact

A

T

174
Q

Feline leukosis virus can cause horizontal and vertical infection

A

T

175
Q

Vaccination of only seronegative cats is responsible against feline leukosis

A

T

176
Q

Immunotolerant kittens can be born in the case of feline leukosis

A

T

177
Q

Feline Leukosis can be eliminated in some cats

A

T

178
Q

There are several subgroups of feline leukosis virus

A

T

179
Q

Feline leukosis virus can cause immune tolerance

A

T

180
Q

Feline sarcomatosis virus is a recombinant virus from feline leukosis virus and host DNA

A

T

181
Q

Feline leukosis virus is uniform

A

F

182
Q

In the saliva of cats is a high-titer of FeLV

A

T

183
Q

FeLV spreads horizontally and vertically

A

T

184
Q

Persistent infected cats maintain the infection

A

T

185
Q

Feline leukosis virus can cause protective immunity

A

T

186
Q

In Feline leukosis, anaemia is an important sign

A

T

187
Q

Cat leukosis virus can be diagnosed with PCR

A

T

188
Q

There is no vaccine against Feline leukosis virus

A

F

189
Q

Feline leukosis can infect dogs and cats

A

F

190
Q

Asymptomatic infection cannot happen in the case of Feline leukosis

A

F

191
Q

Feline leukosis virus is immunosuppressive

A

T

192
Q

Feline leukosis virus is frequently spread with saliva

A

T

193
Q

Feline leukosis virus can infect dogs, cats and wild living carnivorous animals

A

F

194
Q

Feline leukosis is a very rare disease

A

F

195
Q

Feline sarcomatosis is a defect virus

A

T

196
Q

Feline leukosis can cross the placenta

A

T

197
Q

FeLV is a uniform virus

A

F

198
Q

Infection with feline leukosis virus always appears in clinical signs

A

F

199
Q

Feline leukosis virus is spreading by discharge of the infected animal

A

T

200
Q

Persistently infected cats can shed the feline leukosis virus in high titres

A

T

201
Q

Saliva of the animal contains large amount of the feline leukosis virus

A

T

202
Q

Feline leucosis spreads by direct contact

A

T

203
Q

Feline immunodeficiency virus causes persistent infection

A

T

204
Q

Feline immunodeficiency virus is widespread

A

T

205
Q

Feline immunodeficiency virus in cat could be asymptomatic

A

T

206
Q

Feline immunodeficiency virus is spread by excretes

A

T

207
Q

Feline immunodeficiency virus develops in 3 phases

A

T

208
Q

Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of avian leukosis

A

F

209
Q

Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of avian leukosis

A

F

210
Q

Avian leukosis viruses have several subgroups

A

T

211
Q

Tumours in the liver can be seen in the case of avian leukosis

A

T

212
Q

Avian leukosis viruses cause horizontal infection

A

T

213
Q

J subtype of avian leukosis virus is more virulent than the other ones

A

T

214
Q

Avian leukosis can be diagnosed by detecting COFAL antigen

A

T

215
Q

Lymphoid leukosis is the most frequent clinical form of avian leukosis

A

T

216
Q

Avian leukosis viruses cause germinative infection

A

T

217
Q

All avian leukosis viruses are oncogenic

A

T

218
Q

Avian leukosis viruses have several subgroups

A

T

219
Q

Avian leukosis viruses a resistant, they can survive in the bedding for several weeks

A

F

220
Q

Avian leukosis causes the malignant transformation of B lymphocytes

A

T

221
Q

Avian leukosis virus occurs only in tropical and subtropical countries

A

F

222
Q

Avian leukosis virus can cause only lymphoid leukosis

A

F

223
Q

Avian leukosis viruses can cause malignant transformation in different tissues

A

T

224
Q

Germinative infection is an important way of transmission of avian leukosis virus

A

T

225
Q

Clinical signs of avian leukosis can be seen typically in broiler chicken

A

F

226
Q

Osteopetrosis can be a clinical form of avian leukosis

A

T

227
Q

Avian Leukosis virus is uniform

A

F

228
Q

Every avian leukosis viruses is oncogenic

A

T

229
Q

Avian leukosis virus cannot infect by germinative way

A

F

230
Q

Avian leukosis virus infects B lymphocytes

A

T

231
Q

Infection of poultry herds with avian leukosis virus is widespread

A

T

232
Q

Clinical signs of avian leukosis generally appear in day old chicken

A

F

233
Q

Lymphoid leukosis is the most frequent form of avian leukosis

A

T

234
Q

The main way of prevention of avian leukosis is vaccination using attenuated strains

A

F

235
Q

Avian leukosis viruses are shed in the faeces

A

T

236
Q

There is no germinative infection in the case of avian leukosis viruses

A

F

237
Q

The target cells of the avian leukosis viruses are the B lymphocytes

A

T

238
Q

There are several subgroups of avian leukosis viruses

A

T

239
Q

All avian leukosis viruses cause malignant transformation of the host cells

A

T

240
Q

In a flock infected with avian leukosis virus generally 50-60% of the animals have tumours

A

F

241
Q

Detection of COFAL antigen is a frequent way of diagnosis of avian leukosis

A

T

242
Q

Avian leukosis is seen during the first week of life in chicken

A

F

243
Q

There are resistant lines to avian leukosis

A

T

244
Q

Proportion of the animals with tumours is low, 1-4% in the case of avian leukosis

A

T

245
Q

Inactivated vaccines are widely used in order to prevent avian leukosis

A

F

246
Q

Tumours can be seen in different parenchymal organs in the case of avian leukosis

A

T

247
Q

T-lymphocytes are the target cell of the avian leukosis virus

A

F

248
Q

Avian leucosis and sarcoma infections are very common

A

T

249
Q

Avian leucosis can be caused by different retroviruses

A

T

250
Q

Congenital transmission of avian leucosis results in immune tolerance

A

T

251
Q

Reticuloendotheliosis is caused by J type of avian leukosis virus

A

F

252
Q

Germinative infection can happen in the case of Reticuloendotheliosis

A

T

253
Q

Reticuloendotheliosis virus is shed in the faces

A

T

254
Q

Reticuloendotheliosis virus can cause germinative infection

A

T

255
Q

Stunted growth is a clinical sign of reticuloendotheliosis

A

T

256
Q

Reticuloendotheliosis is prevented by vaccination of the parent animals

A

F

257
Q

Immunosuppression is common in the case of Reticuloendotheliosis

A

T

258
Q

Retardation is a clinical sign of Reticuloendotheliosis

A

T

259
Q

Wide vaccination is used to prevent Reticuloendotheliosis

A

F

260
Q

In the case of reticuloendotheliosis immunotolerant chicken can be hatched

A

T

261
Q

Pneumonia is a typical lesion of reticuloendotheliosis

A

F

262
Q

In the case of reticuloendotheliosis tumors can be found in the parenchymal organs

A

T

263
Q

Avian reticuloendotheliosis may be similar in appearance to Marek ś disease

A

T

EPI 1 (56 decks)

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