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Growth and Developement > Toddler 1 > Flashcards

Toddler 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Objectives

A

Identify key development milestones of the preschool aged child
Describe the developmental tasks of the preschool child, including motor characteristics, sensory characteristics, global mental, specific mental, play, and self-care.

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2
Q

Age 1-5 (Text covers infancy & toddler, the first 2 years; and early childhood, 2-6 years of age)
*Research has shown that brain development (neurologic organization) during this time is use-dependent.
Continued growth of CNS, brain, and physical growth

A

Preschool Age Children ages 1-5

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3
Q

Ability to keep the body balanced and aligned

A

Postural stability

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4
Q

Ability to maintain posture when the body is still

A

Static postural stability

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5
Q

What is dynamic postural stability?

A

look up

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6
Q

Kicking a ball
A toddler may run up to the ball, stop, shift his/her weight to maintain balance, and then kick the ball
As a child ages, he/she will complete all steps more fluidly
What will the child get better at with practice?

A

FLOW and CALIBRATION

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7
Q

smooth, fluid movements

Related to dynamic postural stability

A

FLOW

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8
Q

judgment of force, speed, and directional control needed when attempting a task

A

CALIBRATION

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9
Q

Using rotational movements to maintain balance

Emerge between 12-21mths and mature through the age of 4-5.

A

Equilibrium Reactions

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10
Q

Used for large or heavy objects. Full strength of the hand is used. The selection of the power grasp will depend on the size and shape of the object being manipulated

A

Power Grasps


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11
Q

gripping a ball to throw it

A

Spherical Grip

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12
Q

Using two hands to wrap around an object to grasp.

A

Cylindrical Grip

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13
Q

the grasp toddlers use to hang on for balance. Used for monkey bars at school ages

A

Hook Grip

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14
Q

grasp used to put key into. When the arm is parallel with floor.

A

Plate or Lateral Prehension

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15
Q

Typically used for smaller object manipulation. Using the thumb and two fingers to pick up something

A

Tripod Position

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16
Q

Typically used for smaller object manipulation. Using One finger and thumb to pick up something

A

Pincer Grasp

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17
Q

Happiness, interest, anger, sadness, fear, etc.

Demonstrated as infants develop into toddlers

A

Basic Emotions

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18
Q

What two arousal states do newborns demonstrate?

A

sleeping or survival instincts (eating, drinking )

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19
Q

Sensory Characteristics of the Preschool Aged Child

A

Sensory perceptions, Sensory integration

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20
Q

kids begin to have more control over perceptual motor skill
example
Walking a line, throwing a ball at a target, climbing stairs or playground equipment

A

Sensory perceptions

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21
Q

A combining of sensory information to allow for accurate categorization of perceptual information.

A

Sensory Integration

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22
Q

Theory that relates senses to learning and development of functional skills
i.e. attention span, eye-hand coordination, visual perception
global and specific mental functions depend on adequate organization of sensory information

A

Sensory Integration Theory

23
Q

Consider a child who has difficulty with sensory integration….

What are some Global and Specific Mental functions

A 
Energy and drive
Temperament and personality
Intellectual
Attention
Emotion
Sequencing complex movements
24
Q

Touch Skills

A
  • Discriminative Touch

- Haptic Perception

25
Conscious touch | Hard, smooth, or curvature of an object
Discriminative Touch
26
Active memory of touch | i.e. a child knows he/she has a pencil in his/her hand even though he/she can’t see it; can identify textures
Haptic Perception
27
Inappropriate response to tactile stimulus Typically an avoidance or protective response Can lead to selective choices of food and clothing Can adversely effect hand skills, self-care, and social skill development
Tactile Defensiveness
28
Self-recognition is well-established by the age of 2. What does self-recognition involve? (p158)
knowing who they are. (looking at self in mirror)
29
The sequence of self-care acquisition may vary
Typically…. By the end of preschool age, the child is independent in toileting, basic personal care, and can function with minimal supervision in a school setting. ADLs- IADLs-
30
- the ability to work cooperatively, - know when they need to ask permission, - use acceptable manners - deal with frustrations.
The key to a child’s school-readiness is
31
Children practice and learn skills through
Play
32
How has play with mother and father changed in many Western nations over the past decades? (p156)
Roles have changed. Mothers are working fathers are staying home.
33
- Used in physical therapy to assist in motor skill development - typically results in pleasure and pleasure drives the child to repeat tasks that are pleasurable - “This inner drive toward mastery of skills through________ is one of the basic premises of sensory integration theory”
Play
34
“innate drive to find solutions”
Mastery motivation
35
- A child’s belief in his/her personal power to change things - Important for school-readiness
Self-efficacy
36
Types of Play
``` Solitary play Onlooker play Parallel play Associate play Cooperative play Fantasy play Constructive play ```
37
Play in social exchange and independently
Solitary play
38
Child watches others play
Onlooker play
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Children play in same vicinity and may be engaged in similar tasks (2yrs)
Parallel play
40
Little organization to play; children follow each other in a line, borrow toys, and demonstrate toys (2yrs)
Associate play
41
Social interaction and group activity
Cooperative play
42
Child uses props, dresses up, etc… | Good for role play in a “safe” environment (preschool age)
Fantasy play
43
The making and building of things | Parallels fine motor and manipulation development and skills (3-4 yrs)
Constructive play
44
``` Tuesday Exam #2 45-50 questions (2pts each) Primarily Week 3 through 5 Answer syllabus and class objectives with use of notes and text readings to study PBS Developmental Milestones handout ```
fyi
45
what is the difference between the zygote and the embryo
review
46
- the 3 layers of the embryo gives rise to what?
review
47
- production of spinal cord
review
48
- limb development begins
review
49
- ossification
review
50
sexual differentiation
review
51
adipose tissue verus brown-fat
review
52
- age of viability
review
53
- full development of neonatal reflexes
review
54
-when thermal support is required after birth
review

Growth and Developement (16 decks)

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