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growth and developement > Chap 3 prenatal development > Flashcards

Chap 3 prenatal development Flashcards

1
Q

identify prenatal development stages and discuss milestones in eac

A

chap 3 objective #1

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2
Q

Discuss common agents that cause defects in the developing embryo

A

chap 3 objective #2

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3
Q
  • Gestational Age

- Trimester System

A

Prenatal classification system

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4
Q
  • Measured in weeks
  • From 1st day of last menstrual period
  • From moment of conception (in vitro )
A

Gestational Age

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5
Q
  • arguments against this method
  • 40 weeks (or even 38) is not divisible by 3
  • Not precise enough
  • still use though
A

Trimester system

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6
Q
  • Period of the Zygote
  • Period of the Embryo
  • Period of the Fetus
A

3 prenatal periods

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7
Q
  • lasts approximately 2 weeks

- From time of conception to zygote implanted into the uterus

A

Zygote period

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8
Q
  • extends to the end of 8 weeks past conception

- All major body structures formed

A

Embryo period

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9
Q

Extensive growth and refinement of body structures: “growth and finishing”

A

Fetus period

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10
Q

Most important prenatal period

A

Embryo period*

important per Dr W.

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11
Q

Trimester 1
Trimester 2
Trimester 3

A

Milestones of Prenatal development

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12
Q
  • this is an organism containing 48

- chromosomes and typically not susceptible to teratogens

A

Zygote

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13
Q
  • the zygote is implanted into the uterus

- teratogens can be harmful

A

Embryo

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14
Q

Embryo divides into 3 layers

A
  • ectoderm
  • Mesoderm
  • Endoderm
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15
Q

nervous system in the skin

A

ectoderm

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16
Q

muscle, skeletal, circulatory, organs

A

Mesoderm

17
Q

digestive (immunity) , lungs, urinary tracts

A

Endoderm

18
Q

Weeks 3 through Week 8

A

period of the embryo

19
Q

Ectoderm folds over to form the neural tube

*becomes the spinal cord and brain

A

Week 3

20
Q
  • Neural tube becomes thicker and begins to close, producing the spinal core
  • limbs develop in a proximodistal fashion
A

Week 4

21
Q
  • placental circulation occurs via the umbilical cord
  • continued differentiation of the brain (maturation)
  • stomach and intestines continue to grow and change position
A

Week 5 and 6

22
Q
  • Ossification
  • heart will have primitive arteries
  • head is forming more and body is curled
A

Week 7 and 8

23
Q

Weeks 9 through Weeks 32 or more

A
  • Head continues to grow faster than body
  • sex becomes visible
  • Digestion system begin to function
  • improved vascularization occurs
  • heartbeat can be heard the stethoscope
24
Q
  • Body becomes more proportional
  • coordination improves
  • ossification stays active
  • reflexes strengthen
A

Week 13 through 16

25
Q
  • feel movement
  • adipose tissue and brown fat develops
  • continued lung maturation
A

Week 17 through 20

26
Q

this allows fetus to maintain body heat

A

Brown-fat

27
Q
  • increased survival rate
  • increased weight gain
  • enhanced lung development
  • surfactant- develops
  • by the end taste buds appear
  • eyelids are completely formed and eyelids open
A

Week 21 through 25

28
Q

what week can the fetuses be born and still survive with intensive life support

A

Week 23

29
Q

Age of viability

A

22 to 26 weeks

30
Q
  • increased weight gain
  • fat accumulation
  • still has immature thermal regulation
  • neonatal reflexes are fully developed
  • head hair appears
A

Week 26 through 29

31
Q
  • continued weight gain

- still require thermal support if born between 30-32 weeks: survival chances much higher

A

week 30 though 34

32
Q
  • additional weight gain (up to 2lbs)

- Fetal movement may begin to decrease

A

Week 35 through 38

33
Q

at birth

  • Passageway between pulmonary trunk and aorta (allows for bypass of the lungs)
  • typically closes spontaneously
A

Closure of ductus arteriosus

34
Q

at birth

  • passageway between the right and left atrium
  • Closes within first 3 months
A

Closure of foramen ovale

growth and developement (16 decks)

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